Exsudados gomosos de Prosopis spp. localizados no Equador: potencial prebiótico na alimentação animal
Palavras-chave:
fibra alimentar, hidrocolóides, produção animal, promotores de crescimento alternativos
Resumo
Os alimentos vegetais ricos em fibra têm sido testados como prebióticos (adjuvantes do crescimento e da atividade da microbiota intestinal) na produção animal, devido ao seu elevado teor de inulina e fibra, com o objetivo de reduzir o uso de antibióticos e a resistência microbiana. O exsudado gomoso produzido pela Acacia senegal é uma fonte de fibra nutricional que tem sido testada como prebiótico na alimentação animal. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o potencial de utilização de novas fontes de exsudados gomosos de Prosopis spp como prebióticos em animais de interesse zootécnico, com base numa revisão sistemática da literatura em revistas indexadas sobre a utilização de gomas-hidrocolóides como suplemento alternativo na alimentação animal. Os artigos científicos revisados mostram os benefícios da utilização do exsudato gomoso da Acacia senegal como prebiótico na produção de frangos de corte, perus, coelhos e suínos. As gomas obtidas de Prosopis spp têm caraterísticas físico-químicas e nutricionais semelhantes às publicadas para a goma-arábica. Portanto, com base nos relatórios bibliográficos consultados, o exsudado gomoso obtido das árvores de Prosopis spp localizadas no Equador, poderia ter um perfil nutricional com excelente fibra, oligossacarídeos, minerais essenciais e compostos fenólicos, o que potenciaria a sua utilização como um prebiótico promissor na alimentação animal, melhorando a função da barreira intestinal, favorecendo o crescimento da microbiota benéfica, reduzindo significativamente as populações de bactérias patogénicas, optimizando o bem-estar e a produção animal.
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Referências
Abd-Razig, N.M., Sabahelkhier, M.K. & Idris, O.F. (2010). Effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia senegal, L. Willd) on lipid profile and performance of laying Hens. Journal of Applied Bioscience, 32, 2002–2007. https://elewa.org/JABS/2010/32/7.pdf
Abdalla, S.A., Abdel-Atti, K.A., Malik, H.E.E., Dousa, B.M. & Elamin K.M., (2015). Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Gum Arabic (Acacia senegal) on Performance and Blood Chemistry of Broiler Chicks. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 3(2), 305-310. http://www.journals.wsrpublishing.com/index.php/gjasr/article/view/344
Al-Baadani, H. H., Al-Mufarrej, S. I., Al-Garadi, M. A., Alhidary, I. A., Al-Sagan, A. A. & Azzam, M.M. (2021). The use of gum Arabic as a natural prebiotic in animals: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 274, 114894. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377840121000808
Al-Baadani, H.H.; Alhotan, R.A.; Al- Abdullatif, A.A.; Alhidary, I.A.; Alharthi, A.S.; Al-Mufarrej, S.I. & Azzam, M.M. (2022). The Effect of Gum Arabic Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Indicators, Immune Response, Cecal Microbiota, and the Duodenal Morphology of Broiler Chickens. Animals, 12, 2809, 1-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9597837/pdf/animals-12-02809.pdf
Al-Fadil, S., Mukhtar, M.A. & Tabidi, M.H. (2013). Response of broiler chicks to diets containing Gum Arabic as a natural prebiotic. Journal of Current Research in Science 1, 247–253. http://www.jcrs010.com/files/151_JCRS_20130614(2).pdf
Ali, B.H., Beegam, S., Al-Lawati, I., Waly, M.I., Al Za’abi, M. & Nemmar, A. (2013). Comparative efficacy of three brands of gum acacia on adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats. Physiological Research 62, 47–56. https://www.biomed.cas.cz/physiolres/pdf/62/62_47.pdf
Ahmed, A.A., Musa, H.H., Fedail, J.S., Sifaldin, A.Z. & Musa, T.H. (2016). Gum Arabic suppressed diet induced obesity by alteration the expression of mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism in mouse liver. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fiber, 7, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2016.01.002
Amber, K., Abd El-Nabi, F.M., Morsy, W.A. & Shama, S.H.A. (2017). Gum Arabic as prebiotic in growing rabbit’s diet. Global Veterinaria, 19, 465–471. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366958267_Gum_Arabic_as_Prebiotic_in_Growing_Rabbits_Diet
Babiker, R., Merghani, T.H., Elmusharaf, K., Badi, R.M., Lang, F. & Saeed, A.M. (2012). Effects of Gum Arabic ingestion on body mass index and body fat percentage in healthy adult females: two-arm randomized, placebo controlled, double blind trial. Nutrition Journal, 11, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-111
Bayoumi, A.A., Mousa, M.A., Khosht, A.R., Salim, I.H., Shamseldeen, A.E., Arafa, A.S., El-deeb, M.A., Elkomy, H.M., & Mostafa, S.M. (2024). Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Gum Arabic (Acacia senegal) and Lactobacillus acidophilus or their Combination on Broiler Chickens. Journal of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, 4(2), 325-345. https://doi.org/10.21608/jdea.2024.293900.1053
Bosco, N.J. (2019). Some growth promoters already tried to replace antimicrobial growth promoter in weaned pig, according to a review. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6, 1741–1745. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i4/IRJET-V6I4372.pdf
Burghardt, A. D., Brizuela, M., Mom, P., Albán, L. & Palacios, R. (2010) Análisis numérico de las especies de Prosopis L. (Fabaceae) de las costas de Perú y Ecuador Revista Peruana de Biología, 17(3), 317-323. https://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/article/view/6/6
Clamens C., Rincón F., Sanabria L., Vera A. & León de Pinto G. (2000). Species widely disseminated in Venezuela which produce gum exudate. Food Hydrocolloids, 14(3), 253-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(00)00004-7
El-Ratel, I.T., Ismail, R.F. & Fouda, S.F. (2019). Productive performance, carcass traits, lipid profile, antioxidants and immunity of growing rabbits treated with gum Arabic under Egyptian summer condition. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 22, 143–154. https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_79436_69f39be98241bdc5a1c4460547d87c8d.pdf
Gibson, G.R., Hutkins, R. & Sanders, M.E. (2017). Expert consensus document: the International scientific Association for probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 14, 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75
Gultermirian, M.L., Corti, H.R., Pérez Chaia, A. & Apella, M.C. (2014). Fermentation of in vitro of a mixture of dietary fibers and cane molasses by the cecal microbiota: application on mineral absorption through the laying hens colonic epithelium. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 191, 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.01.019
Hu, Q., Gerhard, H., Upadhyaya, I., Venkitanarayanan, K., & Luo, Y. (2016). Antimicrobial eugenol nanoemulsion prepared by gum arabic and lecithin and evaluation of drying technologies. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 87, 130-40 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.051
Kamal, E., Kaddam, L.A., Dahawi, M., Osman, M., Salih, M.A., Alagib, A. & Saeed, A. (2018). Gum arabic fibers decreased inflammatory markers and disease severity score among rheumatoid arthritis patients, phase II trial. International Journal of Rheumatology, 1, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4197537
Khalid, S.A., Musa, A.M., Saeed, A.M., Abugroun, E.A., Ahmed, E.O.S., Ghalib, M.B., Elnima, E.I., Alkarib, S.Y., Abdelsalam, T.M., Abdelgader, A. & Phillips, G.O. (2014). Manipulating dietary fibre: Gum Arabic making friends of the colon and the kidney. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fiber, 3, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.01.005
Khan S, Chand N, Hafeez A. & Ahmad, N. (2022). Effect of gum arabic on overall growth performance, visceral and lymphoid organs along with intestinal histomorphology and selected pathogenic bacteria of broiler chickens. Journal Animal Health and Production, 10(1), 73-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2022/10.1.73.80
López-Franco Y., Córdova-Moreno R. E., Goycoolea F. M., Valdez M., Juárez-Onofre J. & Lizardi-Mendoza J. (2012). Classification and physicochemical characterization of mesquite gum (Prosopis spp). Food Hydrocolloids, 26, 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.05.006 López-Franco Y.L., Gooycolea F.M. & Lizardi-Mendoza J. (2015). Gum of Prosopis/Acacia Species. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Polysaccharides. Springer, Cham. 641–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_14
McDougall, G. J. (2016). Phenolic-enriched foods: sources and processing for enhanced health benefits. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76(2), 163–171. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27804893/
Mohammadigheisar, M., Shirley, R.B., Barton, J., Welsher, A., Thiery, P. & Kiarie, E. (2019). Growth performance and gastrointestinal responses in heavy Tom turkeys fed antibiotic free corn soybean meal diets supplemented with multiple doses of a single strain Bacillus subtilis probiotic (DSM29784). Poultry Science, 98, 5541–5550. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez305
Mudgil D. & Barak S, (2020). Mesquite gum (Prosopis gum): Structure, properties & applications - A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 159(15), 1094-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.153
Oboh, G., Ademosun, A., Akinleye, M., Omojokun, O., Boligon, A. & Athayde, M. (2015). Starch composition, glycemic indices, phenolic constituents, and antioxidative and antidiabetic properties of some common tropical fruits. Journal Ethnic Foods, 2(1), 264-273. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82500992.pdf
Phillips, A.O. & Phillips, G.O. (2011). Biofunctional behavior and health benefits of a specific gum Arabic. Food Hydrocolloids, 25, 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.03.012
Park, I., Lee, Y., Goo, D., Zimmerman, N.P., Smith, A.H., Rehberger, T., & Lillehoj, H.S., (2020). The effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immunity and epithelial barrier integrity in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria maxima. Poultry Science, 99, 725–733. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119579123?via %3Dihub
Rincón F., Clamens C., Beltrán O., Sanabria L. & Vásquez I (2020). Composición nutricional de la goma de semilla de Prosopis juliflora. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía (LUZ), 37 (Supl1), 189-194. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/33084
Rincón-Acosta, F., Félix López, M. E., Hurtado, E. A., Guerrero-Castillo, R. & Beltrán, O. (2023). Surfactant properties and emulsifying activity of the gum exudate of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC, Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía (LUZ), 40(2), 1-6. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/39955
Smith, J.A. (2019). Broiler production without antibiotics: United States field perspectives. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 250, 93–98. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840118302050?via %3Dihub
Vasile F. E., Romero A. M., Judis M. A., Mattalloni M., Virgolini M. B. & Mazzobre M. F. (2019). Phenolics composition, antioxidant properties and toxicological assessment of Prosopis alba exudate gum. Food Chemistry, 285, 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.003.
Wang, X., Farnell, Y.Z., Peebles, E.D., Kiess, A.S., Wamsley, K.G.S. & Zhai, W. (2016). Effects of prebiotics, and their combination on growth performance, small intestine morphology and resident Lactobacillus of male broilers. Poultry Science, 95, 1332–1340. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew030
Wang, Y., Heng, C., Zhou, X., Cao, G., Jiang, L., Wang, J., Li, K., Wang, D. & Zhan, X., (2020). Supplemental Bacillus subtilis DSM 29784 and enzymes, alone or in combination, as alternatives for antibiotics to improve growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, anti-oxidative status, immune response, and the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, 125, 1–14 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520002755
Wang, X., Kiess, A.S., Peebles, E.D., Wamsley, K.G.S. & Zhai, W. (2018). Effects of Bacillus subtilis and zinc on the growth performance, internal organ development and intestinal morphology of male broilers with or without subclinical coccidia challenge. Poultry Science, 97, 3947–3956. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey262
Xiong, W., Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Ma, L., Zeng, Q., Jiang, X. & Zhang, T. (2018). Antibiotic-mediated changes in the fecal microbiome of broiler chickens define the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes. Microbiome, 6, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0419-2
Abdalla, S.A., Abdel-Atti, K.A., Malik, H.E.E., Dousa, B.M. & Elamin K.M., (2015). Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Gum Arabic (Acacia senegal) on Performance and Blood Chemistry of Broiler Chicks. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 3(2), 305-310. http://www.journals.wsrpublishing.com/index.php/gjasr/article/view/344
Al-Baadani, H. H., Al-Mufarrej, S. I., Al-Garadi, M. A., Alhidary, I. A., Al-Sagan, A. A. & Azzam, M.M. (2021). The use of gum Arabic as a natural prebiotic in animals: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 274, 114894. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377840121000808
Al-Baadani, H.H.; Alhotan, R.A.; Al- Abdullatif, A.A.; Alhidary, I.A.; Alharthi, A.S.; Al-Mufarrej, S.I. & Azzam, M.M. (2022). The Effect of Gum Arabic Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Indicators, Immune Response, Cecal Microbiota, and the Duodenal Morphology of Broiler Chickens. Animals, 12, 2809, 1-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9597837/pdf/animals-12-02809.pdf
Al-Fadil, S., Mukhtar, M.A. & Tabidi, M.H. (2013). Response of broiler chicks to diets containing Gum Arabic as a natural prebiotic. Journal of Current Research in Science 1, 247–253. http://www.jcrs010.com/files/151_JCRS_20130614(2).pdf
Ali, B.H., Beegam, S., Al-Lawati, I., Waly, M.I., Al Za’abi, M. & Nemmar, A. (2013). Comparative efficacy of three brands of gum acacia on adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats. Physiological Research 62, 47–56. https://www.biomed.cas.cz/physiolres/pdf/62/62_47.pdf
Ahmed, A.A., Musa, H.H., Fedail, J.S., Sifaldin, A.Z. & Musa, T.H. (2016). Gum Arabic suppressed diet induced obesity by alteration the expression of mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism in mouse liver. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fiber, 7, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2016.01.002
Amber, K., Abd El-Nabi, F.M., Morsy, W.A. & Shama, S.H.A. (2017). Gum Arabic as prebiotic in growing rabbit’s diet. Global Veterinaria, 19, 465–471. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366958267_Gum_Arabic_as_Prebiotic_in_Growing_Rabbits_Diet
Babiker, R., Merghani, T.H., Elmusharaf, K., Badi, R.M., Lang, F. & Saeed, A.M. (2012). Effects of Gum Arabic ingestion on body mass index and body fat percentage in healthy adult females: two-arm randomized, placebo controlled, double blind trial. Nutrition Journal, 11, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-111
Bayoumi, A.A., Mousa, M.A., Khosht, A.R., Salim, I.H., Shamseldeen, A.E., Arafa, A.S., El-deeb, M.A., Elkomy, H.M., & Mostafa, S.M. (2024). Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Gum Arabic (Acacia senegal) and Lactobacillus acidophilus or their Combination on Broiler Chickens. Journal of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, 4(2), 325-345. https://doi.org/10.21608/jdea.2024.293900.1053
Bosco, N.J. (2019). Some growth promoters already tried to replace antimicrobial growth promoter in weaned pig, according to a review. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6, 1741–1745. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i4/IRJET-V6I4372.pdf
Burghardt, A. D., Brizuela, M., Mom, P., Albán, L. & Palacios, R. (2010) Análisis numérico de las especies de Prosopis L. (Fabaceae) de las costas de Perú y Ecuador Revista Peruana de Biología, 17(3), 317-323. https://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/article/view/6/6
Clamens C., Rincón F., Sanabria L., Vera A. & León de Pinto G. (2000). Species widely disseminated in Venezuela which produce gum exudate. Food Hydrocolloids, 14(3), 253-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(00)00004-7
El-Ratel, I.T., Ismail, R.F. & Fouda, S.F. (2019). Productive performance, carcass traits, lipid profile, antioxidants and immunity of growing rabbits treated with gum Arabic under Egyptian summer condition. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 22, 143–154. https://ejnf.journals.ekb.eg/article_79436_69f39be98241bdc5a1c4460547d87c8d.pdf
Gibson, G.R., Hutkins, R. & Sanders, M.E. (2017). Expert consensus document: the International scientific Association for probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 14, 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75
Gultermirian, M.L., Corti, H.R., Pérez Chaia, A. & Apella, M.C. (2014). Fermentation of in vitro of a mixture of dietary fibers and cane molasses by the cecal microbiota: application on mineral absorption through the laying hens colonic epithelium. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 191, 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.01.019
Hu, Q., Gerhard, H., Upadhyaya, I., Venkitanarayanan, K., & Luo, Y. (2016). Antimicrobial eugenol nanoemulsion prepared by gum arabic and lecithin and evaluation of drying technologies. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 87, 130-40 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.051
Kamal, E., Kaddam, L.A., Dahawi, M., Osman, M., Salih, M.A., Alagib, A. & Saeed, A. (2018). Gum arabic fibers decreased inflammatory markers and disease severity score among rheumatoid arthritis patients, phase II trial. International Journal of Rheumatology, 1, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4197537
Khalid, S.A., Musa, A.M., Saeed, A.M., Abugroun, E.A., Ahmed, E.O.S., Ghalib, M.B., Elnima, E.I., Alkarib, S.Y., Abdelsalam, T.M., Abdelgader, A. & Phillips, G.O. (2014). Manipulating dietary fibre: Gum Arabic making friends of the colon and the kidney. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fiber, 3, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.01.005
Khan S, Chand N, Hafeez A. & Ahmad, N. (2022). Effect of gum arabic on overall growth performance, visceral and lymphoid organs along with intestinal histomorphology and selected pathogenic bacteria of broiler chickens. Journal Animal Health and Production, 10(1), 73-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2022/10.1.73.80
López-Franco Y., Córdova-Moreno R. E., Goycoolea F. M., Valdez M., Juárez-Onofre J. & Lizardi-Mendoza J. (2012). Classification and physicochemical characterization of mesquite gum (Prosopis spp). Food Hydrocolloids, 26, 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.05.006 López-Franco Y.L., Gooycolea F.M. & Lizardi-Mendoza J. (2015). Gum of Prosopis/Acacia Species. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Polysaccharides. Springer, Cham. 641–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_14
McDougall, G. J. (2016). Phenolic-enriched foods: sources and processing for enhanced health benefits. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76(2), 163–171. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27804893/
Mohammadigheisar, M., Shirley, R.B., Barton, J., Welsher, A., Thiery, P. & Kiarie, E. (2019). Growth performance and gastrointestinal responses in heavy Tom turkeys fed antibiotic free corn soybean meal diets supplemented with multiple doses of a single strain Bacillus subtilis probiotic (DSM29784). Poultry Science, 98, 5541–5550. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez305
Mudgil D. & Barak S, (2020). Mesquite gum (Prosopis gum): Structure, properties & applications - A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 159(15), 1094-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.153
Oboh, G., Ademosun, A., Akinleye, M., Omojokun, O., Boligon, A. & Athayde, M. (2015). Starch composition, glycemic indices, phenolic constituents, and antioxidative and antidiabetic properties of some common tropical fruits. Journal Ethnic Foods, 2(1), 264-273. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82500992.pdf
Phillips, A.O. & Phillips, G.O. (2011). Biofunctional behavior and health benefits of a specific gum Arabic. Food Hydrocolloids, 25, 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.03.012
Park, I., Lee, Y., Goo, D., Zimmerman, N.P., Smith, A.H., Rehberger, T., & Lillehoj, H.S., (2020). The effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immunity and epithelial barrier integrity in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria maxima. Poultry Science, 99, 725–733. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119579123?via %3Dihub
Rincón F., Clamens C., Beltrán O., Sanabria L. & Vásquez I (2020). Composición nutricional de la goma de semilla de Prosopis juliflora. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía (LUZ), 37 (Supl1), 189-194. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/33084
Rincón-Acosta, F., Félix López, M. E., Hurtado, E. A., Guerrero-Castillo, R. & Beltrán, O. (2023). Surfactant properties and emulsifying activity of the gum exudate of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC, Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía (LUZ), 40(2), 1-6. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/39955
Smith, J.A. (2019). Broiler production without antibiotics: United States field perspectives. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 250, 93–98. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840118302050?via %3Dihub
Vasile F. E., Romero A. M., Judis M. A., Mattalloni M., Virgolini M. B. & Mazzobre M. F. (2019). Phenolics composition, antioxidant properties and toxicological assessment of Prosopis alba exudate gum. Food Chemistry, 285, 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.003.
Wang, X., Farnell, Y.Z., Peebles, E.D., Kiess, A.S., Wamsley, K.G.S. & Zhai, W. (2016). Effects of prebiotics, and their combination on growth performance, small intestine morphology and resident Lactobacillus of male broilers. Poultry Science, 95, 1332–1340. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew030
Wang, Y., Heng, C., Zhou, X., Cao, G., Jiang, L., Wang, J., Li, K., Wang, D. & Zhan, X., (2020). Supplemental Bacillus subtilis DSM 29784 and enzymes, alone or in combination, as alternatives for antibiotics to improve growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, anti-oxidative status, immune response, and the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, 125, 1–14 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520002755
Wang, X., Kiess, A.S., Peebles, E.D., Wamsley, K.G.S. & Zhai, W. (2018). Effects of Bacillus subtilis and zinc on the growth performance, internal organ development and intestinal morphology of male broilers with or without subclinical coccidia challenge. Poultry Science, 97, 3947–3956. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey262
Xiong, W., Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Ma, L., Zeng, Q., Jiang, X. & Zhang, T. (2018). Antibiotic-mediated changes in the fecal microbiome of broiler chickens define the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes. Microbiome, 6, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0419-2
Publicado
2024-11-04
Como Citar
Rincón-Acosta, F., Hurtado, E., Robalino-Briones, C., & Aguilar-Camba, P. (2024). Exsudados gomosos de Prosopis spp. localizados no Equador: potencial prebiótico na alimentação animal. Revista Da Faculdade De Agronomia Da Universidade De Zulia, 41(4), e244139. Obtido de https://mail.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/42902
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Fernando Rincón-Acosta, Ernesto Antonio Hurtado, Cesar Robalino-Briones, Paul Aguilar-Camba
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