Epidemiological and virological characterization of mpox cases in Venezuela during the multinational 2022-2023 outbreak.
Caracterización epidemiológica y virológica de los casos de mpox en Venezuela durante el brote multinacional 2022-2023.
Keywords:
mpox, poxvirus, monkeypox, outbreak, Venezuela
Abstract
Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is an infectious disease caused by MPXV, a member of the family Poxviridae. On July 23, 2022, the WHO declared the first Public Health Emergency of International Concern of Mpox due to an escalating global outbreak with low intensity. Two clades of MPXV and several lineages within each of these clades have been described. Clade I, also known as the Central African clade, causes a more severe and lethal disease than clade II, which circulates in West Africa. MPXV clade IIb caused the first international outbreak (2022), while clade Ib caused a more recent one (2023-2024). Venezuela reported 12 cases during the 2022-2023 outbreak. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and virological characteristics of these cases. The first three cases were from men infected outside Venezuela, while most of the subsequent ones were from men who acquired the disease in the country. All the cases were from men who have sex with men, and frequently also people living with HIV-1/ AIDS. No critical outcome was observed in any of the patients. Sequence analysis showed that most of the MPXV belonged to clade IIb lineage B.1. The recurrent emergence of mpox epidemics warrants the further implementation of molecular epidemiology surveillance and vaccination programs.
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References
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Sah R, Apostolopoulos V, Mehta R, Rohilla R, Sah S, Mohanty A, Mehta V, Feehan J, Luna C, de Novales FJM, AlTawfiq JA, Cascio A, Samayoa-Bran AJ, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Mpox strikes once more in 2024: declared again as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Travel Med Infect Dis 2024: 102753. doi: 10.1016/j. tmaid.2024.102753.
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Vakaniaki EH, Kacita C, Kinganda-Lusamaki E, O’Toole Á, Wawina-Bokalanga T, Mukadi-Bamuleka D, Amuri-Aziza A, Malyamungu-Bubala N, Mweshi-Kumbana F, Mutimbwa-Mambo L, Belesi-Siangoli F, Mujula Y, Parker E, Muswamba-Kayembe PC, Nundu SS, Lushima RS, Makangara-Cigolo JC, Mulopo-Mukanya N, Pukuta- Simbu E, Akil-Bandali P, Kavunga H, Abdramane O, Brosius I, Bangwen E, Vercauteren K, Sam-Agudu NA, Mills EJ, Tshiani-Mbaya O, Hoff NA, Rimoin AW, Hensley LE, Kindrachuk J, Baxter C, de Oliveira T, Ayouba A, Peeters M, Delaporte E, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Mohr EL, Sullivan NJ, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Nachega JB, Rambaut A, Liesenborghs L, Mbala- Kingebeni P. Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nat Med 2024; 13. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03130-3.
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WHO. 2022. https://www.who.int/europe/ news/item/23-07-2022-who-director-general-declares-the-ongoing-monkeypox-out-break-a-public-health-event-of-internatio-nal-concern. Accessed on September 30, 2024.
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GISAID. 2024. https://www.epicov.org/epi3/frontend#1e17b0. Accessed on August 28, 2024.
Berthet N, Descorps-Declère S, Besombes C, Curaudeau M, Nkili Meyong AA, Selekon B, Labouba I, Gonofio EC, Ouilibona RS, Simo Tchetgna HD, Feher M, Fontanet A, Kazanji M, Manuguerra JC, Hassanin A, Gessain A, Nakoune E. Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13085. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92315-8.
Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer LR, Steffen R. The changing epidemiology of human monkey pox-A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16: e0010141. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141.
Likos AM, Sammons SA, Olson VA, Frace AM, Li Y, Olsen-Rasmussen M, Davidson W, Galloway R, Khristova ML, Reynolds MG, Zhao H, Carroll DS, Curns A, Formenty P, Esposito JJ, Regnery RL, Damon IK. A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses. J Gen Virol 2005; 86: 2661-2672. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.81215-0.
PAHO. 2024. https://shiny.paho-phe.org/mpox/. accessed on September 30, 2024.
D’Angelo P, Loureiro CL, Jaspe RC, Sulbaran YF, Rodríguez L, Alarcón V, García JM, Zambrano JL, Liprandi F, Rangel HR, Pujol FH. First case of Monkeypox in Venezuela: partial complete genome sequence allowed its grouping into the West African Clade II. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 8: 2. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010002.
Welkers M, Jonges M and van den Ouden A. Monkeypox virus whole genome sequencing using combination of Next-GenPCR and Oxford Nanopore V.1 https:// www.protocols.io/view/monkeypox-virus-whole-genome-sequencing-using-comb- n2bvj6155lk5/v1?step=1.1. Accessed on August 29, 2024.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S. MEGA11: Molecular Revolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38: 3022-3027. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msab120.
Molina IS, Jimenez-Vasquez V, Lizarraga W, Sevilla N, Hurtado V, Padilla-Rojas C. Sub-lineage B.1.6 of hMPXV in a global context: Phylogeny and epidemiology. J Med Virol 2023; 95: e29056. doi: 10.1002/ jmv.29056.
Comegna M, Flora-Noda DM, Carrión-Nessi FS, Adamidis I, Moreno J, Landaeta ME, Forero-Peña DA. The arrival of Mpox in Venezuela: Why so few cases? Travel Med Infect 2023; 54: 102599. doi: 10.1016/j. tmaid.2023.102599.
Acharya A, Kumar N, Singh K, Byrareddy SN. Mpox in MSM: tackling stigma, minimizing risk factors, exploring patho-genesis, and treatment approaches. Bio-med J 2024: 100746. doi: 10.1016/j. bj.2024.100746.
ECDC. 2024. Confirmed mpox clade Ib case in Germany, risk remains low for EU/ EEA. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/confirmed-mpox-clade-ib-ca- se-germany-risk-remains-low-eueea. Acces- sed on October 27, 2024.
Delamonica B, Davalos L, Larijani M, Anthony SJ, Liu J, MacCarthy T. Evolutionary potential of the monkeypox genome arising from interactions with human APOBEC3 enzymes. Virus Evol 2023; 9: vead047. doi: 10.1093/ve/vead047.
Adamu AA, Okeibunor J, Doshi RH, Wiysonge CS. Enhancing mpox response in Africa with implementation science. Lancet 2024; 30: S0140-6736(24)01807-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01807-5.
Sah R, Abdelaal A, Asija A, Basnyat S, Sedhai YR, Ghimire S, Sah S, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Monkey pox virus containment: the application of ring vaccination and possible challenges. J Travel Med 2022; 29(6): taac085. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taac085.
Published
2024-12-02
How to Cite
D´AngeloP., Loureiro , C., Jaspe , R., Sulbarán, Y., Rodríguez, L., Alarcón, V., Monsalve, I., García, J. M., Zambrano, J. L., Rangel, H., & Pujol, F. H. (2024). Epidemiological and virological characterization of mpox cases in Venezuela during the multinational 2022-2023 outbreak.: Caracterización epidemiológica y virológica de los casos de mpox en Venezuela durante el brote multinacional 2022-2023. Investigación Clínica, 65(4), 445-453. https://doi.org/10.54817/IC.v65n4a05
Section
Original Works
