Delincuencia juvenil en España: Un análisis empírico tras la crisis económica de 2008
Palabras clave:
Delincuencia juvenil, recesión económica, criminología, panel de datos, economía del delito
Resumen
Los patrones tradicionales de la delincuencia juvenil pueden estar cambiando como consecuencia de la transformación del paso de la juventud a la edad adulta. Por esta razón, a partir del enfoque del análisis económico del delito, este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar qué papel jugó la edad en las tasas de criminalidad en España tras la crisis económica de 2008. Para ello, a partir de los datos cuantitativos oficiales, se establece un modelo econométrico de panel de datos con efectos fijos y se controla una serie de variables tanto socioeconómicas como demográficas que, según la literatura académica, inciden sobre la delincuencia. Los resultados son coincidentes con los estudios preexistentes para otros países: Los más jóvenes tienen una mayor probabilidad de cometer delitos. De este modo, se concluye que en España los patrones de delincuencia juvenil referentes a la edad parecen no estar cambiando por el momento. Además, salvo el desempleo juvenil, el empeoramiento de las condiciones económicas tras la crisis no ha influido en el crimen por lo que la estructura de edad explica mejor la delincuencia en España que el estado de la economía.
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Citas
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Bindler, A., y Hjalmarsson, R. (2017). Prisons, recidivism and the age-crime profile. Economics Letters, 152, 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.01.002
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Montero, A., y Torres, J. (1998). La economía del delito y de las penas: Un análisis crítico. Comares.
Morillo, S., y Birkbeck, C. H. (2017). Conducta antisocial adolescente bajo un enfoque integrador de tres teorías criminológicas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIII(3), 76-88.
Öster, A., y Agell, J. (2007). Crime and unemployment in turbulent times. Journal of the European Economic Association, 5(4), 752-775. https://doi.org/10.1162/JEEA.2007.5.4.752
Phillips, J., y Land, K. C. (2012). The Link between Unemployment and Crime Rate Fluctuations: An Analysis at the County, State, and National Levels. Social Science Research, 41(3), 681-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.01.001
Roberts, A., y Willits, D. (2015). Income Inequality and Homicide in the United States: Consistency Across Different Income Inequality Measures and Disaggregated Homicide Types. Homicide Studies, 19(1), 28-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767914557811
Rodríguez, A. (2003). Los determinantes socioeconómicos del delito en España. Revista Española de Investigación Criminológica, 1, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.46381/reic.v1i0.5
Torres-Tellez, J. (2020). La delincuencia juvenil en la Unión Europea tras la crisis económica de 2008. Revista Criminalidad, 62(3), 9-23.
Wadsworth, T. (2010). Is immigration responsible for the crime drop? An assessment of the influence of immigration on changes in violent crime between 1990 and 2000. Social Science Quarterly, 91(2), 531-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00706.x
Wirth, L. (1938). Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology, 44(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1086/217913
Andresen, M. A. (2013). Unemployment, business cycles, crime, and the Canadian provinces. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41(4), 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.05.006
Andresen, M. A. (2015). Unemployment, GDP, and crime: The importance of multiple measurements of the economy. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 57(1), 35-58. https://doi.org/10.3138/CJCCJ.2013.E37
Arvanites, T. M., y DeFina, R. H. (2006). Business cycles and street crime. Criminology, 44(1), 139-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2006.00045.x
Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric analysis of panel data. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and punishment: An economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217.
Billari, F. C., y Liefbroer, A. C. (2010). Towards a new pattern of transition to adulthood? Advances in Life Course Research, 15(2-3), 59-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2010.10.003
Bindler, A., y Hjalmarsson, R. (2017). Prisons, recidivism and the age-crime profile. Economics Letters, 152, 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.01.002
Buonanno, P., y Montolio, D. (2008). Identifying the socio-economic and demographic determinants of crime across Spanish provinces. International Review of Law and Economics, 28(2), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2008.02.005
Buonanno, P., y Montolio, D. (2009). Juvenile crime in Spain. Applied Economics Letters, 16(5), 495-500. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850601018684
Cantor, D., y Land, K. C. (1985). Unemployment and crime rates in the post-World War II United States: A theoretical and empirical analysis. American Sociological Review, 50(3), 317-332. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095542
Castro, L. K., García, C. H., y López, R. E. (2020). Exclusión social, inclusión política y autoestima de jóvenes en pobreza, Monterrey, México. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31309
Farrington, D. P. (1986). Age and crime. Crime and Justice, 7, 189-250. https://doi.org/10.1086/449114
Fernández-Molina, E., y Bartolomé Gutiérrez, R. (2018). Juvenile crime drop: What is happening with youth in Spain and why? European Journal of Criminology, 17(3), 306-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370818792383
Fougère, D., Kramarz, F., y Pouget, J. (2009). Youth unemployment and crime in France. Journal of European Economic Association, 7(5), 909-938. https://doi.org/10.1162/JEEA.2009.7.5.909
Gottfredson, M. R., y Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Standford University Press.
Grogger, J. (1998). Market wages and youth crime. Journal Labor Economics, 16(4), 756-791. https://doi.org/10.1086/209905
Ha, O. K., Andresen, M. A., y Davies, G. (2020). The temporal (in)stability of the unemployment and crime relationship. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 64(8), 840-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X19896454
Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of panel data. Cambridge University Press.
Hsiao, C., y Sun, B. H. (2000). To pool or not to pool panel data. In J. Krishnakumar y E. Ronchetti (Eds.), Panel data econometrics: Future directions, papers in honor of professor Pietro Balestra (pp. 181-198). North Holland.
Jacobs, D., y Richardson, A. M. (2008). Economic inequality and homicide in the developed nations from 1975 to 1995. Homicide Studies, 12(1), 28-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767907311849
Janko, Z., y Popli, G. (2015). Examining the link between crime and unemployment: A time-series analysis for Canada. Applied Economics, 47(37), 4007-4019. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1023942
Kennedy, L. W., y Forde, D. R. (1990). Routine activities and crime: An analysis of victimization in Canada. Criminology, 28(1), 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1990.tb01321.x
Landersø, R., Nielsen, H. S., y Simonsen, M. (2017). School starting age and the crime‐age profile. The Economic Journal, 127(602), 1096-1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12325
Lin, M-J. (2008). Does unemployment increase crime? Evidence from US data 1974-2000. Journal of Human Resources, 43(2), 413-436. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.43.2.413
Lochner, L. (2004). Education, work and crime: A human capital approach. International Economic Review, 45(3), 811-843. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-6598.2004.00288.x
Lochner, L., y Moretti, E. (2004). The effect of education on crime: Evidence from prison inmates, arrests, and self-reports. American Economic Review, 94(1), 155-180. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282804322970751
Loeber, R., Farrington, D., y Redondo, S. (2011). La transición desde la delincuencia juvenil a la delincuencia adulta. Revista Española de Investigación Criminológica, 9, 1-41. https://doi.org/10.46381/reic.v9i0.123
Montero, A., y Torres, J. (1998). La economía del delito y de las penas: Un análisis crítico. Comares.
Morillo, S., y Birkbeck, C. H. (2017). Conducta antisocial adolescente bajo un enfoque integrador de tres teorías criminológicas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIII(3), 76-88.
Öster, A., y Agell, J. (2007). Crime and unemployment in turbulent times. Journal of the European Economic Association, 5(4), 752-775. https://doi.org/10.1162/JEEA.2007.5.4.752
Phillips, J., y Land, K. C. (2012). The Link between Unemployment and Crime Rate Fluctuations: An Analysis at the County, State, and National Levels. Social Science Research, 41(3), 681-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.01.001
Roberts, A., y Willits, D. (2015). Income Inequality and Homicide in the United States: Consistency Across Different Income Inequality Measures and Disaggregated Homicide Types. Homicide Studies, 19(1), 28-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767914557811
Rodríguez, A. (2003). Los determinantes socioeconómicos del delito en España. Revista Española de Investigación Criminológica, 1, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.46381/reic.v1i0.5
Torres-Tellez, J. (2020). La delincuencia juvenil en la Unión Europea tras la crisis económica de 2008. Revista Criminalidad, 62(3), 9-23.
Wadsworth, T. (2010). Is immigration responsible for the crime drop? An assessment of the influence of immigration on changes in violent crime between 1990 and 2000. Social Science Quarterly, 91(2), 531-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00706.x
Wirth, L. (1938). Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology, 44(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1086/217913
Publicado
2022-02-07
Cómo citar
Torres-Tellez, J., & Montero Soler, A. (2022). Delincuencia juvenil en España: Un análisis empírico tras la crisis económica de 2008. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 28(1), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i1.37667
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