Competencias por emprendimiento social en universitarios en Chile: Efecto del entorno de educación en emprendimiento
Palabras clave:
Emprendimiento social, educación emprendedora, creación de empresas, formación empresarial, universitarios
Resumen
El emprendimiento social y la formación en este tipo de emprendimiento es un tema de interés producto de su impacto en la sociedad y las comunidades. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto que tiene el entorno para la educación en emprendimiento sobre la intención por emprendimiento social, mediado por las competencias de los estudiantes en los ámbitos personales, sociales y de innovación. Para ello, se administró una encuesta en una muestra de 371 estudiantes universitarios con la finalidad de medir las dimensiones de entorno universitario para la educación en emprendimiento, rasgos y competencias personales, sociales y de innovación, e intención por emprendimiento social. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizó el método de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) con bootstrap para validar los coeficientes de trayectoria. Los resultados muestran que existen efectos positivos del entorno universitario sobre las intenciones por emprendimiento social de los estudiantes. Ello sugiere como conclusión, que entornos favorables para el emprendimiento benefician las intenciones por emprendimiento social en los estudiantes. Por otra parte, los rasgos y competencias asociados a los ámbitos personal y social favorecen esta asociación positiva, no así los asociados a la innovación.
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Citas
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Barberá-Tomás, D., Castelló, I., De Bakker, F. G. A., y Zietsma, C. (2019). Energizing through visuals: How social entrepreneurs use emotion-symbolic work for social change. Academy of Management Journal, 62(6), 1789-1817. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.1488
Bazan, C., Gaultois, H., Shaikh, A., Gillespie, K., Frederick, S., Amjad, A., Yap, S., Finn, C., Rayner, J., y Belal, N. (2020). A systematic literature review of the influence of the university’s environment and support system on the precursors of social entrepreneurial intention of students. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-0116-9
Bel, P., Lejarriaga, G., y Martín, S. (2023). Nuevas fórmulas para promover el emprendimiento social universitario: Una aproximación a la Startups de estudiantes. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 144, e88654. https://doi.org/10.5209/reve.88654
Bodolica, V., Spraggon, M., y Badi, H. (2021). Extracurricular activities and social entrepreneurial leadership of graduating youth in universities from the Middle East. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(2), 100489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100489
Calanchez, Á., Ríos, M. A., Zevallos, R. L., y Silva, F. J. (2022). Innovación y emprendimiento social como estrategia para afrontar la Pandemia COVID-19. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(1), 275-287. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i1.37691
Cantillo, N. C., Pedraza, C. J., y Suarez, H. (2021). Formación del emprendimiento social: Compromiso de la Universidad de la Guajira en Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(1), 216-229. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i1.35308
Capella-Peris, C., Gil-Gómez, J., Martí-Puig, M., y Ruíz-Bernardo, P. (2020). Development and validation of a scale to assess social entrepreneurship competency in higher education. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2018.1545686
Chafloque-Cespedes, R., Alvarez-Risco, A., Robayo-Acuña, P.-V., Gamarra-Chavez, C.-A., Martinez-Toro, G.-M., y Vicente-Ramos, W. (2021). Effect of sociodemographic factors in entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention in university students of Latin American business schools. In P. Jones, N. Apostolopoulos y A. Kakouris (Eds.), Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges (Contemporary Issues in Entrepreneurship Research, Vol. 11; pp. 151-165). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Coelho, H., y Marín-González, F. (2022). Programa de Formación para Emprendedores desde la formación de posgrado en la Península de Paraguaná-Venezuela. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(3), 413-429. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i3.38484
Cruz-Sandoval, M., Vázquez-Parra, J. C., y Alonso-Galicia, P. E. (2022). Student perception of competencies and skills for social entrepreneurship in complex environments: An approach with Mexican university students. Social Sciences, 11(7), 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11070314
De Sousa-Filho, J. M., y Almeida, F. (2023). Factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions in a Portuguese higher education institution. International Journal of Innovation Science, 16(2), 265-285, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-07-2022-0120
Dickel, P., y Eckardt, G. (2021). Who wants to be a social entrepreneur? The role of gender and sustainability orientation. Journal of Small Business Management, 59(1), 196-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2019.1704489
García-González, A., y Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2021). Social entrepreneurship education: Changemaker training at the university. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 11(5), 1236-1251. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2021-0009
García-González, A., y Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2023). Social entrepreneurship competency in higher education: An analysis using mixed methods. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2020.1823872
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., y Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
Hockerts, K. (2017). Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171
Hossain, M. U., Arefin, M. S., y Yukongdi, V. (2021). Personality traits, social self-efficacy, social support, and social entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of gender. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 119-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2021.1936614
Karatas-Ozkan, M., Ibrahim, S., Ozbilgin, M., Fayolle, A., Manville, G., Nicolopoulou, K., Tatli, A., y Tunalioglu, M. (2023). Challenging the assumptions of social entrepreneurship education and repositioning it for the future: Wonders of cultural, social, symbolic and economic capitals. Social Enterprise Journal, 19(2), 98-122. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-02-2022-0018
Krueger, N. F., y Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800307
Mair, J., y Martí, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.002
Mir, S., y Alarifi, G. (2021). Social entrepreneurship education: A conceptual framework and review. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100533
Naveed, M., Zia, M. Q., Younis, S., y Shah, Z. A. (2021). Relationship of individual social entrepreneurial orientations and intentions: Role of social entrepreneurship education. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-07-2020-0118
Rakicevic, Z., Njegic, K., Cogoljevic, M., y Rakicevic, J. (2023). Mediated effect of entrepreneurial education on students’ intention to engage in social entrepreneurial projects. Sustainability, 15(5), 4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054606
Rambe, P., y Ndofirepi, T. M. (2021). Explaining Social Entrepreneurial Intentions among College Students in Zimbabwe. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2019.1683878
Roslan, M. H. H., Hamid, S., Ijab, M. T., Yusop, F. D., y Norman, A. A. (2022). Social entrepreneurship in higher education: Challenges and opportunities. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 42(3), 588-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1859354
Sáenz, N., y López, A. L. (2015). Las competencias de emprendimiento social, COEMS: Aproximación a través de programas de formación universitaria en Iberoamérica. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 119, 159-182. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_REVE.2015.n119.49066
Santos, S. C., Nikou, S., Brännback, M., y Liguori, E. W. (2021). Are social and traditional entrepreneurial intentions really that different? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 27(7), 1891-1911. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2021-0072
Smith, I. H., y Woodworth, W. P. (2012). Developing social entrepreneurs and social innovators: A social identity and self-efficacy approach. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 11(3), 390-407. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2011.0016
Soria-Barreto, K., Honores-Marin, G., Gutiérrez-Zepeda, P., y Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, J. (2017). Prior Exposure and Educational Environment towards Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of technology management & innovation, 12(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242017000200006
Tiwari, P., Bhat, A. K., y Tikoria, J. (2022). Mediating Role of Prosocial Motivation in Predicting Social Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 118-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2020.1755993
Trivedi, R. (2016). Does university play significant role in shaping entrepreneurial intention? A cross-country comparative analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(3), 790-811. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-10-2015-0149
Younis, A., Xiaobao, P., Nadeem, M. A., Kanwal, S., Pitafi, A. H., Qiong, G., y Yuzhen, D. (2021). Impact of positivity and empathy on social entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of perceived social support. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(1), e2124. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2124
Zhang, Y., Trusty, J., Goroshnikova, T., Kelly, L., Kwong, K. K., McGuire, S. J. J., Perusquia, J., Prabhu, V. P., Shen, M., y Tang, R. (2021). Millennial social entrepreneurial intent and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A comparative entrepreneurship study. Social Enterprise Journal, 17(1), 20-43. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-07-2020-0054
Ashour, S. (2016). Social and business entrepreneurship as career options for university students in the United Arab Emirates: The drive–preparedness gap. Cogent Education, 3(1), 1234425. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1234425
Barberá-Tomás, D., Castelló, I., De Bakker, F. G. A., y Zietsma, C. (2019). Energizing through visuals: How social entrepreneurs use emotion-symbolic work for social change. Academy of Management Journal, 62(6), 1789-1817. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.1488
Bazan, C., Gaultois, H., Shaikh, A., Gillespie, K., Frederick, S., Amjad, A., Yap, S., Finn, C., Rayner, J., y Belal, N. (2020). A systematic literature review of the influence of the university’s environment and support system on the precursors of social entrepreneurial intention of students. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-0116-9
Bel, P., Lejarriaga, G., y Martín, S. (2023). Nuevas fórmulas para promover el emprendimiento social universitario: Una aproximación a la Startups de estudiantes. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 144, e88654. https://doi.org/10.5209/reve.88654
Bodolica, V., Spraggon, M., y Badi, H. (2021). Extracurricular activities and social entrepreneurial leadership of graduating youth in universities from the Middle East. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(2), 100489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100489
Calanchez, Á., Ríos, M. A., Zevallos, R. L., y Silva, F. J. (2022). Innovación y emprendimiento social como estrategia para afrontar la Pandemia COVID-19. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(1), 275-287. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i1.37691
Cantillo, N. C., Pedraza, C. J., y Suarez, H. (2021). Formación del emprendimiento social: Compromiso de la Universidad de la Guajira en Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(1), 216-229. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i1.35308
Capella-Peris, C., Gil-Gómez, J., Martí-Puig, M., y Ruíz-Bernardo, P. (2020). Development and validation of a scale to assess social entrepreneurship competency in higher education. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2018.1545686
Chafloque-Cespedes, R., Alvarez-Risco, A., Robayo-Acuña, P.-V., Gamarra-Chavez, C.-A., Martinez-Toro, G.-M., y Vicente-Ramos, W. (2021). Effect of sociodemographic factors in entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention in university students of Latin American business schools. In P. Jones, N. Apostolopoulos y A. Kakouris (Eds.), Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges (Contemporary Issues in Entrepreneurship Research, Vol. 11; pp. 151-165). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Coelho, H., y Marín-González, F. (2022). Programa de Formación para Emprendedores desde la formación de posgrado en la Península de Paraguaná-Venezuela. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(3), 413-429. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i3.38484
Cruz-Sandoval, M., Vázquez-Parra, J. C., y Alonso-Galicia, P. E. (2022). Student perception of competencies and skills for social entrepreneurship in complex environments: An approach with Mexican university students. Social Sciences, 11(7), 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11070314
De Sousa-Filho, J. M., y Almeida, F. (2023). Factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions in a Portuguese higher education institution. International Journal of Innovation Science, 16(2), 265-285, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-07-2022-0120
Dickel, P., y Eckardt, G. (2021). Who wants to be a social entrepreneur? The role of gender and sustainability orientation. Journal of Small Business Management, 59(1), 196-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2019.1704489
García-González, A., y Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2021). Social entrepreneurship education: Changemaker training at the university. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 11(5), 1236-1251. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2021-0009
García-González, A., y Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2023). Social entrepreneurship competency in higher education: An analysis using mixed methods. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2020.1823872
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., y Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
Hockerts, K. (2017). Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171
Hossain, M. U., Arefin, M. S., y Yukongdi, V. (2021). Personality traits, social self-efficacy, social support, and social entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of gender. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 119-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2021.1936614
Karatas-Ozkan, M., Ibrahim, S., Ozbilgin, M., Fayolle, A., Manville, G., Nicolopoulou, K., Tatli, A., y Tunalioglu, M. (2023). Challenging the assumptions of social entrepreneurship education and repositioning it for the future: Wonders of cultural, social, symbolic and economic capitals. Social Enterprise Journal, 19(2), 98-122. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-02-2022-0018
Krueger, N. F., y Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800307
Mair, J., y Martí, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.002
Mir, S., y Alarifi, G. (2021). Social entrepreneurship education: A conceptual framework and review. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100533
Naveed, M., Zia, M. Q., Younis, S., y Shah, Z. A. (2021). Relationship of individual social entrepreneurial orientations and intentions: Role of social entrepreneurship education. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-07-2020-0118
Rakicevic, Z., Njegic, K., Cogoljevic, M., y Rakicevic, J. (2023). Mediated effect of entrepreneurial education on students’ intention to engage in social entrepreneurial projects. Sustainability, 15(5), 4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054606
Rambe, P., y Ndofirepi, T. M. (2021). Explaining Social Entrepreneurial Intentions among College Students in Zimbabwe. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2019.1683878
Roslan, M. H. H., Hamid, S., Ijab, M. T., Yusop, F. D., y Norman, A. A. (2022). Social entrepreneurship in higher education: Challenges and opportunities. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 42(3), 588-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1859354
Sáenz, N., y López, A. L. (2015). Las competencias de emprendimiento social, COEMS: Aproximación a través de programas de formación universitaria en Iberoamérica. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 119, 159-182. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_REVE.2015.n119.49066
Santos, S. C., Nikou, S., Brännback, M., y Liguori, E. W. (2021). Are social and traditional entrepreneurial intentions really that different? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 27(7), 1891-1911. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2021-0072
Smith, I. H., y Woodworth, W. P. (2012). Developing social entrepreneurs and social innovators: A social identity and self-efficacy approach. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 11(3), 390-407. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2011.0016
Soria-Barreto, K., Honores-Marin, G., Gutiérrez-Zepeda, P., y Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, J. (2017). Prior Exposure and Educational Environment towards Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of technology management & innovation, 12(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242017000200006
Tiwari, P., Bhat, A. K., y Tikoria, J. (2022). Mediating Role of Prosocial Motivation in Predicting Social Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 118-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2020.1755993
Trivedi, R. (2016). Does university play significant role in shaping entrepreneurial intention? A cross-country comparative analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(3), 790-811. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-10-2015-0149
Younis, A., Xiaobao, P., Nadeem, M. A., Kanwal, S., Pitafi, A. H., Qiong, G., y Yuzhen, D. (2021). Impact of positivity and empathy on social entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of perceived social support. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(1), e2124. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2124
Zhang, Y., Trusty, J., Goroshnikova, T., Kelly, L., Kwong, K. K., McGuire, S. J. J., Perusquia, J., Prabhu, V. P., Shen, M., y Tang, R. (2021). Millennial social entrepreneurial intent and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A comparative entrepreneurship study. Social Enterprise Journal, 17(1), 20-43. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-07-2020-0054
Publicado
2024-12-08
Cómo citar
Gálvez-Gamboa, F. A., Valenzuela-Keller, A. A., Mardones-Olave, H., & Poveda-Esparza, F. (2024). Competencias por emprendimiento social en universitarios en Chile: Efecto del entorno de educación en emprendimiento. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 30(4), 490-503. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v30i4.43045
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