Downsizing estratégico basado en el análisis de performance en empresas pequeñas

• Godofredo Illa-Sihuincha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-3194
• Jorge Cardich Pulgar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-8332
• Jorge Javier Vidalón https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-3852
• Shelby Ramos Serrano https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6377-0203

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v31i1.43519

Palabras clave: Reducción de personal, estrategia, adaptación, efectividad de negocio, rendimiento

Resumen

El downzising es una estrategia organizacional orientada a mejorar el performance de la organización, en este contexto representa una opción de optimizar costos, incrementar la rentabilidad, prevenir el colapso organizacional y establecer decisiones organizacionales de mejora contínua. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la reducción organizacional para orientar el performance resultante, mediado por la estrategia y la eficiencia en el ámbito de micro y pequeños negocios. La investigación fue realizada en 101 micro y pequeñas empresas emprendedoras en Perú que tuvieron la experiencia de recesión en pandemia. La metodología fue de enfoque cuantitativo con modelo predictivo a través de ecuaciones estructurales basada en el análisis de la varianza. Los resultados señalaron que el downsizing, la estrategia y la eficiencia tiene efectos positivos en el desempeño empresarial. En conclusión, los hallazgos confirman que recortar el tamaño de fuerza laboral representa una estrategia de cambio organizacional, permitiendo renovarse, establecer nuevos mecanismos de trabajo y aprovechar el potencial del colaborador para la continuidad de negocio.

Citas

Aljuhmani, H. Y., Ababneh, B., Emeagwali, L., y Elrehail, H. (2024). Strategic stances and organizational performance: Are strategic performance measurement systems the missing link? Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 16(2), 282-306. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-09-2021-0445

Arzuaga, S., y Gandolfi, F. (2021). Theoretical perspectives on downsizing: Long-term effect and impact of repeat downsizing. Journal of Management Research, 21(2), 76-85. https://hdl.handle.net/10779/lincoln.24396295.v4

Bakker, A. B., y Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Oc­cupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273-285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056

Brunelli, S., Gjergji, R., Lazzarotti, V., Sciascia, S., y Visconti, F. (2023). Effective business model adaptations in family SMEs in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Family Business Management, 13(1), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-02-2022-0020

Buendia, A. R., y Chilet, S. E. (2024). Gestión del cambio: Estrategias y desafíos en la implementación de políticas innovadoras. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 29(107), 1228-1240. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.29.107.15

Campos-García, I., Muñoz-Bullón, F., Sánchez-Bueno, M. J., y Zúñiga-Vicente, J. A. (2020). Exploring the exporting-downsizing link: Does the type of export strategy and firm efficiency in foreign markets matter? Journal of Business Research, 108, 324-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.074

Cascio, W. F., Chatrath, A., y Christie-David, R. A. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of employee and asset restructuring. Academy of Management Journal, 64(2), 587-613. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2018.1013

Chadha, R. (2021). The analysis of the effect of downsizing on employee as well as organisation. International Journal of Law Management & Humanities, 4(3), 3393-3418. https://doij.org/10.10000/IJLMH.11865

Cirillo, A., Muñoz-Bullón, F., Sánchez-Bueno, M. J., y Sciascia, S. (2022). Employee downsizing and sales internationalization strategy in family firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 13(2), 101354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2020.100354

Coleman, K. P. (2020). Downsizing in un peacekeeping: The impact on civilian peacekeepers and the missions employing them. International Peacekeeping, 27(5), 703-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2020.1793328

Dlouhy, K., y Casper, A. (2021). Downsizing and surviving employees’ engagement and strain: The role of job resources and job demands. Human Resource Management, 60(3), 435-454. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22032

Donaldson, L. (1996). For Positivist Organization Theory. Sage Publications.

Espinoza-Solís, E., y Elgoibar, P. (2023). Confianza, estilo de liderazgo y gestión de conflictos en pequeñas y medianas empresas ecuatorianas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIX(E-8), 391-407. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i.40961

Fawzy, R., y Saad, M. (2023). The relationship between agility drivers, agility capabilities and organizational sustainability. Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 11, 101-114. https://doi.org/10.12691/jbms-11-2-2

Fernández-Menéndez, J., Rodríguez-Ruiz, Ó., López-Sánchez, J.-I., y Delgado-Piña, M. I. (2020). Innovation in the aftermath of downsizing: Evidence from the threat-rigidity perspective. Personnel Review, 49(9), 1859-1877. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2019-0082

Frone, M. R., y Blais, A.-R. (2020). Organizational downsizing, work conditions, and employee outcomes: Identifying targets for workplace intervention among survivors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030719

García, J., Paz, A., y Araujo, D. (2024). Habilidades gerenciales como ventaja competitiva para la sustentabilidad en pequeñas y medianas empresas de manufactura textil. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXX(1), 268-283. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v30i1.41655

Ghassani, S. F., y Zeine, H. M. (2024). The impact of downsizing on occupational stress and organizational commitment. Asian Business Research, 9(1), 19-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v9i1.1425

Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., y Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669

Habibi, F., Sumartono, S., Haryono, B. S., y Muluk, M. K. (2023). Downsizing organization: A systematic literature review. Journal of World Science, 2(10), 1542-1552. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i10.435

Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., y Sarstedt, M. (2021). A Primer on Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.

Ifeoma, A. R., y Patience, N. C. (2021). Downsizing: Causes, effect, and strategies, a conceptual approach. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 4(7), 1799-1804. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i7-32

Jung, J., y Lee, Y. (2022). Financialization and corporate downsizing as a shareholder value strategy. Socio-Economic Review, 20(4), 1795-1823. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwab035

Kao, C.-L., y Chen, M.-Y. (2020). Employee downsizing, financial constraints, and production efficiency of firms. International Review of Economics & Finance, 68(3), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.03.006

Kulkarni, V., Ghadia, V. R., y Tiwari, A. A. (2020). Comparative Study of Organizations that Downsized Between 2016 and 2019. Zeichen Journal, 6(6), 59-66. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SfNe9gC4xWuVfMZbvYmQ2tUrDIxSXvxY/view

Luyckx, J., y Janssens, M. (2020). Ideology and (de) legitimation: The Belgian public debate on corporate restructuring during the Great Recession. Organization, 27(1), 110-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508419830623

Miles, R. E., y Snow, C. C. (2003). Organizational strategy, structure and process, Stanford University Press

Miller, S. M., Kim, J., y Lim, D. H. (2020). Everybody needs everyone: A case study of workplace learning after a downsize. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(2/3), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-02-2019-0013

Mujtaba, B. G., y Senathip, T. (2020). Layoffs and downsizing implications for the leadership role of human resources. Journal of Service Science and Management, 13(2), 209-228. https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2020.132014

Pacheco-Cubillos, D. B., Boria-Reverter, J., y Gil-Lafuente, J. (2024). Transitioning to agile organizational structures: A contingency theory approach in the financial sector. Systems, 12(4), 142-168. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12040142

Ramón, R. E., Verdezoto, M. D. R., y Romero, D. J. (2024). Estrategia empresarial: Una reflexión teórica. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXX(3), 411-424. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v30i3.42681

Ravello, A. A., y Llaque, A. H. (2023). Moderación de la cultura nacional entre el empoderamiento y la resiliencia en el desempeño laboral. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIX(4), 444-462. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i4.41268

Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., y Becker, J. M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH. http://www.smartpls.com

Ritter-Hayashi, D., Knoben, J., y Vermeulen, P. A. A. (2020). Success belongs to the flexible firm: How labor flexibility can retain firm innovativeness in times of downsizing. Long Range Planning, 53(3), 101914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.101914

Roy, R. S. (2020). Downsizing–Overall impact on workforce and organizational performance. International Journal of Management Studies (IJMS), VII(1), 118-127. https://researchersworld.com/index.php/ijms/article/view/887

Shirmohammadi, Y., y Choobdar, I. (2023). The effect of active and reactive strategies on entrepreneurship and improving the performance of agricultural tourism businesses. Journal of Entreneurship and Agriculture, 10(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.61186/jea.10.19.27

Supardy, y Hadi, S. (2020). New perspective on the resilience of SMEs proactive, adaptive, reactive from business turbulence: A systematic review. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, 12(5), 1265-1275.

Tsai, C.-F., y Yen, Y.-F. (2020). Moderating effect of employee perception of responsible downsizing on job satisfaction and innovation commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(15), 1913-1937. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1424014

Van Aaken, D., Rost, K., y Seidl, D. (2022). The impact of social class on top managers’ attitudes towards employee downsizing. Long Range Planning, 55(2), 102129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2021.102129

Walker, K. D., y Kutsyuruba, B. (2020). Upgrading Downsizing: Ethics and personnel reductions in declining organizations. European Journal of Educational Management, 3(2), 51-65. https://doi.org/10.12973/eujem.3.2.51

Winston, W., y Carter, T. (2021). The aftermath of reengineering: Downsizing and corporate performance. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315862293

Xiao, L. (2020). Innovative application of knowledge management in organizational restructuring of academic libraries: A case study of Peking University Library. IFLA Journal, 46(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035219892289

Zafari, K., Biggemann, S., y Garry, T. (2023). Development of business-to-business relationships in turbulent environments. Industrial Marketing Management, 111, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.03.002