Diferencias en los determinantes del éxito en el emprendimiento en México, una perspectiva de género
Resumen
En las últimas décadas las mujeres han logrado posicionarse en los mercados laborales y además participar de manera activa en la creación de nuevas empresas (Langowitz y Minniti, 2007). En el caso de México, de acuerdo con datos de la Secretaría de Hacienda, 3 de cada 5 negocios que se abren son dirigidos por mujeres, del mismo modo se ha observado que en este país, el gobierno ha puesto énfasis en generar programas de apoyo para las mujeres emprendedoras. No obstante, el índice de fracaso de los emprendimientos es del 75%. Lo cual obliga a investigar los factores que determinan el éxito de los emprendimientos entre hombres y mujeres. Para ello, se analizan los factores conductuales y gerenciales que determinan el impacto en el éxito emprendedor, realizando un estudio empírico a 255 directivos de empresas de reciente creación (de 0 a 3 años de apertura) en cuatro ciudades del norte de México. A través del uso de ecuaciones estructurales se pudieron observar las diferencias en el éxito en los negocios entre hombres y mujeres. En primer lugar, se observó que lo que determina el éxito de las mujeres en los negocios radica en los elementos conductuales, es decir, son los rasgos psicológicos (extraversión, apertura y conciencia). Mientras que para los hombres las capacidades gerenciales son las que determinan su éxito. Los resultados anteriores, dejan ver la necesidad de fortalecer la capacitación gerencial en las mujeres para alcanzar el éxito empresarial.
Citas
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Ciavarella, M. A., Buchholtz, A. K., Riordan, C. M., Gatewood, R. D., y Stokes, G. S. (2004). The Big Five and venture survival: Is there a linkage? Journal of Business Venturing, 19(4), 465-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.03.001
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Codina, A. (2005). ¿Qué hacen los directivos y qué habilidades necesitan para un trabajo efectivo. Resumen y análisis de Investigación. México. https://bit.ly/3xbBSzn
Covin, J. G., Green, K. M., y Slevin, D. P. (2006). Strategic process effects on the entrepreneurial orientation–sales growth rate relationship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 30(1), 57-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00110.x
Cuervo A., Ribeiro, D., y Roig, S. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Concepts, Theory and perspective. Springer, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48543-8_1
De Miguel Pascual, R., Parratt-Fernández, S. y Berganza, R. (2019). Las percepciones de las mujeres periodistas sobre su trabajo. La variable género en la cultura profesional. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 1818-1833. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1412-95
D’Enbeau, S., Villamil, A., y Helens-Hart, R. (2015). Transcending work–life tensions: A transnational feminist analysis of work and gender in the Middle East, North Africa, and India. Women’s Studies in Communication, 38(3), 273-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2015.1062838
Dinur, A.R. (2011). Common and un-common sense in managerial decision making under task uncertainty. Management Decision, 49(5), 694–709. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741111130797
Eagly, A. H. (2009). The his and hers of prosocial behavior: An examination of the social psychology of gender. American Psychologist, 64(8), 644. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.64.8.644
Ensley, M. D., Hmieleski, K. M., y Pearce, C. L. (2006). The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams: Implications for the performance of startups. The leadership quarterly, 17(3), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.02.002
European Certificate in Entrepreneurship. (2006). Are you an entrepreneur? User Guide. Consultado en http://www.ecent.org
Fayolle, A., Linán, F. y Moriano, J. A. (2014). Beyond entrepreneurial intentions: values and motivations in Entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 10, 679–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0306-7
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Publicado
2021-04-28
Cómo citar
Sánchez Tovar, Y., Macías García, M. Ángel†, & Mendoza Flores, J. E. (2021). Diferencias en los determinantes del éxito en el emprendimiento en México, una perspectiva de género. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 26(94), 880-902. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgv26n94.25
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