Determinantes de la intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
Palabras clave:
Intención emprendedora, estudiantes universitarios, educación para el emprendimiento, docente, modelo estructural
Resumen
El emprendimiento es motor para el crecimiento económico de las regiones, por lo que las universidades, para contribuir al mismo, pueden ser semillero de futuros emprendedores que se insertarán en la economía, generando fuentes de trabajo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que determinan la intención emprendedora de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos, buscando enriquecer el modelo de intención emprendedora de Liñán y Chen (2006) que considera el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la formación docente. Para comprobar el modelo, se diseñó una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo y alcance causal, utilizando las variables: Atracción personal, valoración social, capacidad emprendedora, formación docente y proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, como predictores de la intención emprendedora. Los datos se recolectaron a través de un cuestionario aplicado in situ a una muestra de 364 estudiantes universitarios del noroeste de México, cuyo análisis estadístico se realizó a través de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados reflejan que los determinantes básicos de la intención emprendedora son capacidad emprendedora y proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se concluye, que el docente no incide en el desarrollo de la intención emprendedora, recomendando revisar el perfil de los actores que participan en la educación emprendedora y fomentar programas de estudio que impulsen el desarrollo innovador en los negocios.
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Browne, M. W., y Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
Campo-Ternera, L., Amar-Sepúlveda, P., Olivero, E., y Huguett, S. (2018). Emprendimiento e innovación como motor del desarrollo sostenible: Estudio bibliométrico (2006- 2016). Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIV(4), 26-37.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Methodology for business and management. Modern methods for business research (pp. 295-336). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Coduras, A., Saiz-Alvarez, J. M., y Ruiz, J. (2016). Measuring readiness for entrepreneurship: An information tool proposal. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 1(2), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.02.003
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Herman, E. (2019). Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students and its main determinants. Procedia Manufacturing, 32, 318-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.220
Hernández, C., y Arano, R. M. (2015). El desarrollo de la cultura emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios para el fortalecimiento de la visión empresarial. Ciencia Administrativa, (1), 28-37.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía - INEGI (2018). Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo. INEGI. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2018/enoe_ie/enoe_ie2018_08.pdf
Iskandarini (2014). The impact of entrepreneurial barrier toward entrepreneurial intention for decreasing unemployment through community empowerment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.425
Jiang, H., Xiong, W., y Cao, Y. (2017). Research on the mechanism of entrepreneurial education quality, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention in social sciences, engineering and science education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3709-3721. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00754a
Karabulut, A. T. (2016). Personality traits on entrepreneurial intention. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.109
Lahn, L. C., y Erikson, T. (2016). Entrepreneurship education by design. Education + Training, 58(7/8), 684. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2016-0051
Liñán, F., y Chen, Y. W. (2006). Testing the entrepreneurial intention model on a two-country sample. Working Papers, 0607.
López, V. G., Moreno, L. R., y Carrillo, S. (2017). Enseñanza del emprendimiento en la educación superior (diseño de una escala, análisis factorial y confiabilidad). NovaRua, 8(14), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.20983/Novarua.2017.14.5
Mandel, R., y Noyes, E. (2016). Survey of experiential entrepreneurship education offerings among top undergraduate entrepreneurship programs. Education + Training, 58(2), 164-178. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2014-0067
Martínez, M. R., García, F., y Duarte, C. M. (2018). Influence of the university environment in the entrepreneurial intention in public and private universities. RAUSP Management Journal, 53(1), 122-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rauspm.2017.12.009
M Ma'ruf, I., Mukhadis, A., Pali, M., y Akbar, A. (2018). The contribution of entrepreneurial learning towards entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial action choice of vocational students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1028(1), 012082. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1028/1/012082
Mayer, E. L., Blanco, F. J., Alonso, M. Á., y Charles, J. A. (2020). Emprendimiento y crecimiento económico: El sistema mexicano de incubadoras de negocios. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 107-127. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31314
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Miranda, F. J., Chamorro-Mera, A., y Rubio, S. (2017). Academic entrepreneurship in Spanish universities: An analysis of the determinants of entrepreneurial intention. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 23(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.01.001
Montes de Oca, Y. (2020). Perspectivas del emprendimiento social y redes socioproductivas de pequeños productores en Venezuela. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 300-312. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31326
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Omidi, M., Zamani, M., y Mirdamadi, M. (2016). Designing a model for entrepreneurial intentions of agricultural students. Journal of Education for Business, 91(6), 338-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2016.1218318
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Seikkula-Leino, J., Satuvuori, T., Ruskovaara, E., y Hannula, H. (2015). How do finnish teacher educators implement entrepreneurship education? Education + Training, 57(4), 392-404. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2013-0029
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Soria-Barreto, K., Zúñiga-Jara, S., y Ruiz-Campo, S. (2016). Educación e intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios: Un caso de estudio. Formación Universitaria, 9(1), 25-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50062016000100004
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Barba-Sánchez, V., y Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2018). Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students: The role of entrepreneurship education. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.04.001
Bergmann, H., Geissler, M., Hundt, C., y Grave, B. (2018). The climate for entrepreneurship at higher education institutions. Research Policy, 47(4), 700-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.018
Bosma, N., Hill, S., Ionescu-Somers, A., Kelley, D., Levie, J., Tarnawa, A., y the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (2020). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2019/2020 Global Report. The Global Entrepreneurship Research Association, London Business School, Regents Park. https://www.gemconsortium.org/report
Browne, M. W., y Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
Campo-Ternera, L., Amar-Sepúlveda, P., Olivero, E., y Huguett, S. (2018). Emprendimiento e innovación como motor del desarrollo sostenible: Estudio bibliométrico (2006- 2016). Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIV(4), 26-37.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Methodology for business and management. Modern methods for business research (pp. 295-336). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Coduras, A., Saiz-Alvarez, J. M., y Ruiz, J. (2016). Measuring readiness for entrepreneurship: An information tool proposal. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 1(2), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.02.003
Dias, C. S. L., Gouveia, R., y Ferreira, J. J. (2019). What's new in the research on agricultural entrepreneurship? Journal of Rural Studies, 65, 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.11.003
Do, B-R., y Dadvari, A. (2017). The influence of the dark triad on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention: A study among students in Taiwan University. Asia Pacific Management Review, 22(4), 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2017.07.011
Doanh, D. C., y Bernat, T. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention among vietnamese students: A meta-analytic path analysis based on the theory of planned behavior. Procedia Computer Science, 159, 2447-2460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.420
Durán-Aponte, E., y Arias-Gómez, D. (2015). Intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios: integración de factores cognitivos y socio-personales. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 6(2), 320-340. https://doi.org/10.21501/22161201.1528
Edwards, L-J., y Muir, E. J. (2005). Promoting entrepreneurship at the University of Glamorgan through formal and informal learning. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12(4), 613-626. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000510628261
Esfandiara, K., Sharifi-Tehranib, M., Pratt, S., y Altinay, L. (2019). Understanding entrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach. Journal of Business Research, 94, 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.045
Eyel, C. Ş., y Vatansever, İ. B. (2019). Entrepreneurial intentions of Generation-Z: Compare of social sciences and natural sciences undergraduate students at Bahçeşehir university. Procedia Computer Science, 158, 861-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.124
Fornell, C., y Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
Gámez, J., y Garzón, J. E. (2017). New cross-proposal entrepreneurship and innovation in educational programs in third level (Tertiary) education. Contaduría y Administración, 62(1), 239-261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2016.10.005
Guercini, S., y Cova, B. (2018). Unconventional entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Research, 92, 385-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.021
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., y Black, W. C. (1999). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice-Hall International.
Herman, E. (2019). Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students and its main determinants. Procedia Manufacturing, 32, 318-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.220
Hernández, C., y Arano, R. M. (2015). El desarrollo de la cultura emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios para el fortalecimiento de la visión empresarial. Ciencia Administrativa, (1), 28-37.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía - INEGI (2018). Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo. INEGI. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2018/enoe_ie/enoe_ie2018_08.pdf
Iskandarini (2014). The impact of entrepreneurial barrier toward entrepreneurial intention for decreasing unemployment through community empowerment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.425
Jiang, H., Xiong, W., y Cao, Y. (2017). Research on the mechanism of entrepreneurial education quality, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention in social sciences, engineering and science education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3709-3721. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00754a
Karabulut, A. T. (2016). Personality traits on entrepreneurial intention. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.109
Lahn, L. C., y Erikson, T. (2016). Entrepreneurship education by design. Education + Training, 58(7/8), 684. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2016-0051
Liñán, F., y Chen, Y. W. (2006). Testing the entrepreneurial intention model on a two-country sample. Working Papers, 0607.
López, V. G., Moreno, L. R., y Carrillo, S. (2017). Enseñanza del emprendimiento en la educación superior (diseño de una escala, análisis factorial y confiabilidad). NovaRua, 8(14), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.20983/Novarua.2017.14.5
Mandel, R., y Noyes, E. (2016). Survey of experiential entrepreneurship education offerings among top undergraduate entrepreneurship programs. Education + Training, 58(2), 164-178. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2014-0067
Martínez, M. R., García, F., y Duarte, C. M. (2018). Influence of the university environment in the entrepreneurial intention in public and private universities. RAUSP Management Journal, 53(1), 122-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rauspm.2017.12.009
M Ma'ruf, I., Mukhadis, A., Pali, M., y Akbar, A. (2018). The contribution of entrepreneurial learning towards entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial action choice of vocational students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1028(1), 012082. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1028/1/012082
Mayer, E. L., Blanco, F. J., Alonso, M. Á., y Charles, J. A. (2020). Emprendimiento y crecimiento económico: El sistema mexicano de incubadoras de negocios. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 107-127. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31314
Mei, H., Ma, Z., Jiao, S., Chen, X., Lv, X., y Zhan, Z. (2017). The sustainable personality in entrepreneurship: The relationship between big six personality, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in the Chinese context. Sustainability, 9(9), 1649. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091649
Miranda, F. J., Chamorro-Mera, A., y Rubio, S. (2017). Academic entrepreneurship in Spanish universities: An analysis of the determinants of entrepreneurial intention. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 23(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.01.001
Montes de Oca, Y. (2020). Perspectivas del emprendimiento social y redes socioproductivas de pequeños productores en Venezuela. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 300-312. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31326
Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., y Nielsen, I. (2018). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its antecedents and outcomes, and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110(Part-B), 403-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012
Nowiński, W., y Haddoud, M. Y. (2019). The role of inspiring role models in enhancing entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research, 96, 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.005
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill.
Omidi, M., Zamani, M., y Mirdamadi, M. (2016). Designing a model for entrepreneurial intentions of agricultural students. Journal of Education for Business, 91(6), 338-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2016.1218318
Paz, A. I., Salóm, J. A., García, J., y Suarez, H. B. (2020). Perfil emprendedor en la formación universitaria venezolana. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 161-174. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31317
Pertuz-Peralta, V. P., Rojas-Caicedo, G. Y., Navarro-Rodríguez, A., y Quintero, L. T. (2016). Perfil docente y fomento de la cultura del emprendimiento: Búsqueda de una relación. Educación y Educadores, 19(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.5294/edu.2016.19.1.2
Robinson, S., Neergaard, H., Tanggaard, L., y Krueger, N. (2016). New horizons in entrepreneurship: From teacher-led to student-centered learning. Education + Training, 58(7/8). https://oi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2016-0048
Sánchez, M. L., Zerón, M., y De la Garza, M. H. (2017). Intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios en el centro de Tamaulipas, México. Revista Nacional de Administración, 8(2), 35-49. https://doi.org/10.22458/rna.v8i2.1740
Santos-Álvarez, V., y García-Merino, T. (2016). Motivación del empresario y atención informativa en la internacionalización: Un análisis regional en el sector español de piedra natural. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 22(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedee.2014.12.002
Seikkula-Leino, J., Satuvuori, T., Ruskovaara, E., y Hannula, H. (2015). How do finnish teacher educators implement entrepreneurship education? Education + Training, 57(4), 392-404. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2013-0029
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Publicado
2021-11-02
Cómo citar
López Torres, V. G., Sánchez Tovar, Y., Moreno Moreno, L. R., & Pérez Rivas, D. A. (2021). Determinantes de la intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 27, 127-146. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i.36998
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