Liderazgo resiliente en empresas
Abstract
La investigación responde a explicar los factores de liderazgo resilientes que inciden en la supervivencia de las empresas en un ambiente volátil, incierto, complejo y ambiguo. Un estudio de tipo descriptivo, correlacional y factorial mediante encuesta a una muestra de 344 empresas. Se diseñó y validó un instrumento para medir el liderazgo resiliente. Los resultados fueron que el impulso a seguidores, la comunicación y la confianza son los factores con mayor ponderación. Se concluye que las características personales de los empresarios, como la competencia y organización, influyen significativamente en la resiliencia del liderazgo, mientras que las relaciones interpersonales y familiares también impactan en la supervivencia de las pequeñas y medianas empresas, además de que los líderes resilientes desarrollan un liderazgo transformacional basado en la autoconfianza y la comunicación efectiva.
References
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Avolio, B., & Gardner, W. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001
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Cohen, O., Goldberg, A., Lahad, M., & Aharonson-Daniel, L. (2017). Building resilience: The relationship between information provided by municipal authorities during emergency situations and community resilience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 121, 119-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.008
Conger, J. A. (2004). Developing leadership capability: What’s inside the black box? Academy of Management Executive, 18(3), 136–139. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2004.14776188
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Cronbach, L.J. (1951). Coefficient Alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
Diario Oficial de la Federación - DOF. (2020, 24 de marzo). Acuerdo por el que se establecen las medidas preventivas que se deberán implementar para la mitigación y control de los riesgos para la salud que implica la enfermedad por el virus SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19). https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5590339&fecha=24/03/2020#gsc.tab=0
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Förster, C., & Duchek, S. (2017). What makes leaders resilient? An exploratory interview study. German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift Für Personalforschung, 31(4), 281–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002217709400
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.143
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Giustiniano, L., Cunha, M.P., Sipson, A.V., Rego, A., & Clegg, S. (2020b). Resilient leadership as paradox work: notes from COVID-19. Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press 16(5), 972-975. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2020.57
Hartmann, S., Weiss, M., Newman, A., & Hoegl, M. (2020). Resilience in the workplace: A multilevel review and synthesis. Applied Psychology 69(3), 913-959. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12191
Heredia, J., Aguilar, P., y Sainz, N. (2020). Situación de las Pymes de Hermosillo, Sonora ante la crisis presentada por COVID-19. Revista de Investigación Académica Sin Frontera, (32), 1–22. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7934217
Harland, L., Harrison, W., Jones, J., & Reiter-Palmon, R. (2005). Leadership behaviors and subordinate resilience. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(2), 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190501100202
Haver, A., Akerjordet, K., & Furunes, T. (2014). Wise emotion regulation and the power of resilience in experienced hospitality leaders. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 14(2), 152-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2014.899141
Hassan, N.H., Saufi, R.A., Nordin, N., & Permarupan, P. Y. (2021). The Role of Self-Resilience on the Relationship Between Self-Leadership and Employee Engagement: A Conceptual Paper. FKP Postgraduate Research Colloquium Virtual 2021, 190-201. http://myscholar.umk.edu.my/handle/123456789/2977
House, R., & Aditya, R. (1997). The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis? Journal of Management, 23(3), 409–473. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639702300306
Howard, C., & Irving, J. (2014). The impact of obstacles defined by developmental antecedents on resilience in leadership formation. Management Research Review, 37(5), 466–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-03-2013-0072
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía- INEGI (2018). Encuesta nacional sobre productividad y competitividad de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (ENAPROCE 2018). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enaproce/2018/
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía- INEGI (2019). Chihuahua descarga masiva. DENUE. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/descarga/timicrodatos
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía- INEGI (2021). Chihuahua descarga masiva. DENUE. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/descarga/default.html
Khahan, N., Vrabcová, P., Prompong, T., & Nattapong, T. (2023). Moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between self-leadership and innovative work behavior. Sustainable futures, 7, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2023.100148
Kim, M., & Windsor, C. (2015). Resilience and work-life balance in first-line nurse manager. Asian Nursing Research 9(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2014.09.003
King, G. A., & Rothstein, M. (2010). Resilience and leadership: The self-management of failure (M. G. Rothstein, Ed.). In M. G. Rothstein & R. J. Burke (Eds.), Self-management and leadership development (pp. 361–394). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849805551.00021
Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading Change. Harvard Business School Press.
Kotliarenco, M., Cáceres, I., & Fontecilla, M. (1997). Estado de arte en resiliencia. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. https://www.ugr.es/~javera/pdf/2-3-resiliencia%20libro.pdf
Lazaridou, A., & Beka, A. (2015). Personality and resilience characteristics of Greek primary school principals. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(5), 772–791. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214535746
Lombardi, S., Pina E Cunha, M., & Giustiniano, L. (2021). Improvising resilience: The unfolding of resilient leadership in COVID-19 times. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95(102904). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102904
Martínez, L. R. (2016). Factores predictores de la resiliencia organizacional modelados con sistemas de ecuaciones estructurales. [Disertación doctoral, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]. https://repositorio.unam.mx/contenidos/66072
Mjelde, F.V., Smith, K., Lunde, P., and Espevik, R. (2016). Military teams-A demand for resilience. Work, 54(2), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-162298
National Academies of Sciences. (2013). A ready and resilient workforce for the department of homeland security: Protecting America’s Front Line. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. https://doi.org/10.17226/18407
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Noda, Y. (2020). Socioeconomical transformation and mental health impact by the COVID-19’s ultimate VUCA era: Toward the New Normal, the New Japan, and the New World. Asian Journal of Psychiatr, (54). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102262
Palomar, J., & Gómez, N. (2010). Desarrollo de una escala de medición de la resiliencia con mexicanos (RESI-M). Revista Interdisciplinaria, 27(1), 7–22. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S1668-70272010000100002&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt
Ramírez, R., Lay, N., Avendaño, I., & Herrera, B. (2018). Liderazgo resiliente como competencia potenciadora del talento humano. Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, 34(86), 826–854. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7338194
Restrepo, L.F., & González, L. (2007). De Pearson a Spearman. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 20(2), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324135
Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2014). Ordinary magic, extraordinary performance: Psychological resilience and thriving in high achievers. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 3(1), 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000003
Sanchez, A., Flores, M., & Gonzalez, L. (2016). Una opción de Supervivencia para las PYME. 2005. Ciencia, Ingeniería y Desarrollo Tec Lerdo, 1(2), 105-11. http://revistacid.itslerdo.edu.mx/coninci2016/CID%2018.%20Una%20opci%C3%B3n%20de%20Supervivencia%20para%20las%20PYME.pdf
Sansores, E.A., Navarrete, J.E., Alvarado, L.J., & Licandro, O.D. (2020). Diagnóstico situacional en microempresas mexicanas: Fracaso o sobrevivencia empresarial. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31311
Terlato, A. (2019). Estrategia y decisiones en ambientes VICA: Implicancias de este entorno para las empresas. Buenos Aires: Universidad Del Centro de Estudios Macroeconómicos de Argentina (UCEMA). https://ucema.edu.ar/publicaciones/download/documentos/699.pdf
Villa, A. (2020). Liderazgo resiliente pertinente para una sociedad cambiante. Foro educacional, (34), 77-103. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7517000
Vivanco, F. (2016). Medición de la liquidez como estrategia de sobrevivencia de las Pymes Estudio Empírico (Casos Aguascalientes, México). Sistemas, Cibernética e Informática, 13(2), 69–76. https://www.iiisci.org/journal/pdv/risci/pdfs/CB630SJ16.pdf
Aguilar, S., Gallegos, A., y Muñoz, S. (2019). Análisis de componentes y definición del concepto resiliencia: una revisión narrativa. Revista de Investigación Psicológica, 22, 77–100. http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2223-30322019000200007&lng=es&tlng=es.
Alkhaldi, K., Austin, M., Cura, B., Dantzler, D., Holland, L., Maples, D., Quarrelles, J., Weinkle Jr, R., & Marcus, L. (2017). Are you ready? Crisis leadership in a hyper-VUCA environment. American Journal Disastet Medicine, 12(2), 107-134. https://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2017.0265
Avey, J.B., Avolio, B.J., & Luthans, F. (2011). Experimentally analyzing the impact of leader positivity on follower positivity and performance. The Leadership Quarterly 22(2), 282-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004
Avolio, B., Bass, B., & Jung, D. (2004). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(4), 441-462. https://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2017.0265
Avolio, B., & Gardner, W. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001
Bass, B., & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership. Theory, research, and managerial applications. Free Press.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper and Row.
Cohen, O., Goldberg, A., Lahad, M., & Aharonson-Daniel, L. (2017). Building resilience: The relationship between information provided by municipal authorities during emergency situations and community resilience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 121, 119-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.008
Conger, J. A. (2004). Developing leadership capability: What’s inside the black box? Academy of Management Executive, 18(3), 136–139. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2004.14776188
Connor, K., & Davidson, J. (2003). Development of a new Resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Cronbach, L.J. (1951). Coefficient Alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
Diario Oficial de la Federación - DOF. (2020, 24 de marzo). Acuerdo por el que se establecen las medidas preventivas que se deberán implementar para la mitigación y control de los riesgos para la salud que implica la enfermedad por el virus SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19). https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5590339&fecha=24/03/2020#gsc.tab=0
Drucker, P. (1955). Management science and the manager. Management Science, 1(2), 115–126. https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.1.2.115
Everly, G., Strouse, D., & Everly, G. III. (2010). The secrets of resilient leadership. When failure is not an option Six essential skills for leading in adversity. Diamedica.
Förster, C., & Duchek, S. (2017). What makes leaders resilient? An exploratory interview study. German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift Für Personalforschung, 31(4), 281–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002217709400
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.143
Gibson, J., Ivancevich, J., Donnely, J., & Konopaske, R. (2011). Organizaciones, comportamiento, estructura y procesos. McGraw-Hill.
Giustiniano, L., Clegg, S.R., Cunha, M. P., & Rego, A. (2020a). Elgar Introduction to theories of organizational resilience. Elgar Introductions to Management and Organization Theory series. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786437044
Giustiniano, L., Cunha, M.P., Sipson, A.V., Rego, A., & Clegg, S. (2020b). Resilient leadership as paradox work: notes from COVID-19. Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press 16(5), 972-975. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2020.57
Hartmann, S., Weiss, M., Newman, A., & Hoegl, M. (2020). Resilience in the workplace: A multilevel review and synthesis. Applied Psychology 69(3), 913-959. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12191
Heredia, J., Aguilar, P., y Sainz, N. (2020). Situación de las Pymes de Hermosillo, Sonora ante la crisis presentada por COVID-19. Revista de Investigación Académica Sin Frontera, (32), 1–22. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7934217
Harland, L., Harrison, W., Jones, J., & Reiter-Palmon, R. (2005). Leadership behaviors and subordinate resilience. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(2), 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190501100202
Haver, A., Akerjordet, K., & Furunes, T. (2014). Wise emotion regulation and the power of resilience in experienced hospitality leaders. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 14(2), 152-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2014.899141
Hassan, N.H., Saufi, R.A., Nordin, N., & Permarupan, P. Y. (2021). The Role of Self-Resilience on the Relationship Between Self-Leadership and Employee Engagement: A Conceptual Paper. FKP Postgraduate Research Colloquium Virtual 2021, 190-201. http://myscholar.umk.edu.my/handle/123456789/2977
House, R., & Aditya, R. (1997). The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis? Journal of Management, 23(3), 409–473. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639702300306
Howard, C., & Irving, J. (2014). The impact of obstacles defined by developmental antecedents on resilience in leadership formation. Management Research Review, 37(5), 466–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-03-2013-0072
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía- INEGI (2018). Encuesta nacional sobre productividad y competitividad de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (ENAPROCE 2018). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enaproce/2018/
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía- INEGI (2019). Chihuahua descarga masiva. DENUE. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/descarga/timicrodatos
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía- INEGI (2021). Chihuahua descarga masiva. DENUE. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/descarga/default.html
Khahan, N., Vrabcová, P., Prompong, T., & Nattapong, T. (2023). Moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between self-leadership and innovative work behavior. Sustainable futures, 7, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2023.100148
Kim, M., & Windsor, C. (2015). Resilience and work-life balance in first-line nurse manager. Asian Nursing Research 9(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2014.09.003
King, G. A., & Rothstein, M. (2010). Resilience and leadership: The self-management of failure (M. G. Rothstein, Ed.). In M. G. Rothstein & R. J. Burke (Eds.), Self-management and leadership development (pp. 361–394). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849805551.00021
Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading Change. Harvard Business School Press.
Kotliarenco, M., Cáceres, I., & Fontecilla, M. (1997). Estado de arte en resiliencia. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. https://www.ugr.es/~javera/pdf/2-3-resiliencia%20libro.pdf
Lazaridou, A., & Beka, A. (2015). Personality and resilience characteristics of Greek primary school principals. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(5), 772–791. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214535746
Lombardi, S., Pina E Cunha, M., & Giustiniano, L. (2021). Improvising resilience: The unfolding of resilient leadership in COVID-19 times. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95(102904). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102904
Martínez, L. R. (2016). Factores predictores de la resiliencia organizacional modelados con sistemas de ecuaciones estructurales. [Disertación doctoral, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]. https://repositorio.unam.mx/contenidos/66072
Mjelde, F.V., Smith, K., Lunde, P., and Espevik, R. (2016). Military teams-A demand for resilience. Work, 54(2), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-162298
National Academies of Sciences. (2013). A ready and resilient workforce for the department of homeland security: Protecting America’s Front Line. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. https://doi.org/10.17226/18407
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Noda, Y. (2020). Socioeconomical transformation and mental health impact by the COVID-19’s ultimate VUCA era: Toward the New Normal, the New Japan, and the New World. Asian Journal of Psychiatr, (54). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102262
Palomar, J., & Gómez, N. (2010). Desarrollo de una escala de medición de la resiliencia con mexicanos (RESI-M). Revista Interdisciplinaria, 27(1), 7–22. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S1668-70272010000100002&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt
Ramírez, R., Lay, N., Avendaño, I., & Herrera, B. (2018). Liderazgo resiliente como competencia potenciadora del talento humano. Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, 34(86), 826–854. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7338194
Restrepo, L.F., & González, L. (2007). De Pearson a Spearman. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 20(2), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324135
Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2014). Ordinary magic, extraordinary performance: Psychological resilience and thriving in high achievers. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 3(1), 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000003
Sanchez, A., Flores, M., & Gonzalez, L. (2016). Una opción de Supervivencia para las PYME. 2005. Ciencia, Ingeniería y Desarrollo Tec Lerdo, 1(2), 105-11. http://revistacid.itslerdo.edu.mx/coninci2016/CID%2018.%20Una%20opci%C3%B3n%20de%20Supervivencia%20para%20las%20PYME.pdf
Sansores, E.A., Navarrete, J.E., Alvarado, L.J., & Licandro, O.D. (2020). Diagnóstico situacional en microempresas mexicanas: Fracaso o sobrevivencia empresarial. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31311
Terlato, A. (2019). Estrategia y decisiones en ambientes VICA: Implicancias de este entorno para las empresas. Buenos Aires: Universidad Del Centro de Estudios Macroeconómicos de Argentina (UCEMA). https://ucema.edu.ar/publicaciones/download/documentos/699.pdf
Villa, A. (2020). Liderazgo resiliente pertinente para una sociedad cambiante. Foro educacional, (34), 77-103. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7517000
Vivanco, F. (2016). Medición de la liquidez como estrategia de sobrevivencia de las Pymes Estudio Empírico (Casos Aguascalientes, México). Sistemas, Cibernética e Informática, 13(2), 69–76. https://www.iiisci.org/journal/pdv/risci/pdfs/CB630SJ16.pdf
Published
2025-04-03
How to Cite
Olivas Lara, R. I., Urrutia De la Garza, J. A., Solís Rodríguez, F. T., & Mendoza Arvizo, U. (2025). Liderazgo resiliente en empresas. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 30(110), 942-960. Retrieved from https://mail.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/43714
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TRIMESTRE
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