Biocontrol de Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid y White) Chitwood, con la aplicación de agentes de control biológico
Palabras clave:
Jitomate, parasitismo, Trichoderma spp., Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria javanica
Resumen
El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el potencial de cepas de Trichoderma spp., Isaria fumosorosea e Isaria javanica como agentes de biocontrol sobre Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid y White) Chitwood, procedente de jitomate c.v. Saladette (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Se utilizaron cepas de T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii, T. asperellum y un aislado de Trichoderma sp., I. fumosorosea e I. javanica, seleccionadas previamente por su alta capacidad parasítica, antibiosis y adaptación a diversas condiciones ambientales y sustratos. En los ensayos in vitro se evaluó el parasitismo de los agentes de control biológico (un filtrado puro de cada una de las cepas) sobre huevos, ootecas y juveniles (J-2) de M. incognita. Las evaluaciones se realizaron con un microscopio óptico con objetivo 40X a los 10 días y 72 horas respectivamente. El control del nematodo en condiciones semicontroladas se llevó a cabo en el área experimental utilizando bolsas de polietileno con capacidad de 10 kg, inoculadas con aproximadamente 5.000 juveniles (J2) y sembradas con plántulas de jitomate. A los siete días posteriores a la inoculación del nematodo, se aplicaron los agentes biológicos al suelo; 45 días después se evaluaron las variables de incidencia y severidad. Con base en los resultados obtenidos, se obtuvo que las cepas de T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. koningii e I. fumosorosea fueron eficientes para el control de M. incognita en diferentes etapas del ciclo biológico.
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Al-Ani, L.K.T., De Freitas Soares, F.E., Sharma, A., De Los Santos-Villalobos, S., Valdivia-Padilla, A.V., & Aguilar-Marcelino, L. (2022). Strategy of nematophagous fungi in determining the activity of plant parasitic nematodes and their prospective role in sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Fungal Biology, 3, 863198. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2022.863198
Ali, Q., Yu, C., Wang, Y., Sheng, T., Zhao, X., Wu, X., Jing, L., Gu, Q., Wu, H., & Gao, X. (2023). High killing rate of nematode and promotion of rice growth by synthetic volatiles from Bacillus strains due to enhanced oxidative stress response. Physiologia Plantarum, 175(1), e13868. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13868
Ayaz, M., Zhao, J.T., Zhao, W., Chi, Y.K., Ali, Q., Ali, F., Khan, A.R., Yu, Q., Yu, J.W., Wu, W.C., Qi, R.D., & Huang, W.K. (2024). Biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes by bacteria and fungi: A multi-omics approach for the exploration of novel nematicides in sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1433716. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433716
Benedetti, T., Huzar-Novakowiski, J., Sordi, E., Carvalho, I.R., & Bortoluzzi, E.C. (2021). Microorganisms in the biological control of root-knot nematode: A meta-analytical study. Society and Development, 10(6), e39310615209. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15209
Benítez, T., Rincón, A.M., Limón, M.C., & Codón, A.C. (2004). Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology, 7(4), 249-260. https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/im/v7n4/Benitez.pdf
Blanco Villacorta, M.W., Cadena Miranda, F.A., Challco Challco, G.J., & Lopez Loza, G. (2024). Efecto de Paecilomyces y Trichoderma spp. en el control biológico de nematodos en el cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum), en la Estación Experimental Patacamaya. Apthapi, 10(3), 2758-2766. https://doi.org/10.53287/pgiv2172jk63w
Calderón-Urrea, A., Vanholme, B., Vangestel, S., Kane, S.M., Bahaji, A., & Gheysen, G. (2016). Early development of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. BMC Developmental Biology, 16, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12861-016-0109-x
Di Rienzo, J. A., Casanoves, F., Balzarini, M. G., González, L., Tablada, M., & Robledo, C. W. (2017). InfoStat Profesional versión 2.1 [Software]. Grupo InfoStat. https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/10346
Druzhinina, I.S., Seidl-Seiboth, V., Herrera-Estrella, A., Horwitz, B.A., Kenerley, C.M., Monte, E., Mukherjee, P.K., Zeilinger, S., Grigoriev, I.V., & Kubicek, C.P. (2011). Trichoderma: The genomics of opportunistic success. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 9(10), 749-759. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2637
Eisenback, J.D., Hirschmann, H., Sasser, J.N., & Triantaphyllou, A.C. (1981). A guide to the four most common species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). North Carolina State University Graphics.
Harman, G.E. (2024). Integrated benefits to agriculture with Trichoderma and other endophytic or root-associated microbes. Microorganisms, 12(7), 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071409
Herrera-Parra, E., Ramos-Zapata, J., Cristóbal-Alejo, J., Tun-Suárez, J., & Reyes-Ramírez, A. (2018). Species of Trichoderma antagonistic to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in habanera pepper. Phyton, 87, 7-13. https://www.revistaphyton.fund-romuloraggio.org.ar/vol87/v87a01_Herrera-Parra.pdf
Hooper, D.J., Hallmann, J., & Subbotin, S.A. (2005). Methods for extraction, processing and detection of plant and soil nematodes. In M. Luc, R.A. Sikora, & J. Bridge (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (pp. 53-86). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851997278.0053
Hussey, R.S., & Barker, K.R. (1973). A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp., including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter, 57, 1025-1028.
Kredics, L., Büchner, R., Balázs, D., Allaga, H., Kedves, O., Racić, G., Varga, A., Nagy, V.D., Vágvölgyi, C., & Sipos, G. (2024). Recent advances in the use of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbial inoculants for pathogen control and plant growth promotion. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40, 162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03965-5
Lewis, J., & Papavizas, G. (1983). Production of chlamydospores and conidia by Trichoderma spp. in liquid and solid growth media. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 15(3), 351-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(83)90083-4
Martínez-Gallardo, J.Á., Díaz-Valdés, T., Allende-Molar, R., Retes-Manjarrez, J.E., & Carrillo-Fasio, J.A. (2019). Identificación y distribución de Meloidogyne spp. en tomate de Sinaloa, México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 10(2), 453-459. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i2.392
Migunova, V. D., & Sasanelli, N. (2021). Bacteria as biocontrol tool against phytoparasitic nematodes. Plants, 10(2), 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020389
Moo Koh, F.A., Cristóbal, J.A., Reyes, R.A., Tun Suárez, J.M., Gamboa, A.M., & Islas, R. (2018). Incompatibilidad interespecífica de especies de Trichoderma contra Meloidogyne incognita en Solanum lycopersicum. Scientia Fungorum, 47, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.33885/sf.2018.47.1191
Mukhtar, T., Tariq-Khan, M., & Aslam, M.N. (2021). Bioefficacy of Trichoderma species against javanese root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, in green gram. Gesunde Pflanzen, 73(3), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00544-8
Nicol, J.M., Turner, S.J., Coyne, D.L., de Nijs, L., Hockland, S., & Maafi, Z.T. (2011). Current Nematode Threats to World Agriculture. In J. Jones, G. Gheysen, & C. Fenoll (Eds.), Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-nematode Interactions (pp. 21-43). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0434-3_2
Ning, J., Zhou, J., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Ahmad, F., Feng, X., Fu, Y., Gu, X., & Zhao, L. (2022). Parallel evolution of C-type lectin domain gene family sizes in insect-vectored nematodes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 856826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.856826
Sahebani, N., & Hadavi, N. (2008). Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(8), 2016-2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.011
Sharon, E., Bar-Eyal, M., Chet, I., Herrera-Estrella, A., Kleifeld, O., & Spiegel, Y. (2001). Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Phytopathology, 91(7), 687-693. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.7.687
Sharon, E., Chet, I., Viterbo, A., Bar-Eyal, M., Nagan, H., Samuels, G. J., & Spiegel, Y. (2007). Parasitism of Trichoderma on Meloidogyne javanica and role of the gelatinous matrix. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 118(3), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9140-x
Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera [SIAP]. (2024). Producción agrícola. https://www.gob.mx/siap
Siddiqui, Z.A., & Mahmood, I. (1999). Role of bacteria in the management of plant parasitic nematodes: A review. Bioresource Technology, 69, 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00122-9
Sikora, R. A., Coyne, D., & Quénéhervé, P. (2018). Nematode parasites of bananas and plantains. In R.A. Sikora, D. Coyne, J. Hallmann, & P. Timper (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (pp. 617-657). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786391247.0617
Subedi, S., Thapa, B., & Shrestha, J. (2020). Overview of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and control management. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3(2), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32298
Taylor, A.L., & Sasser, J.N. (1978). Biology, identification and control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). North Carolina State University. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19780844105
Vrain, T.C. (1977). A technique for the collection of larvae of Meloidogyne spp. and a comparison of eggs and larvae as inocula. Journal of Nematology, 9(3), 249-251. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2620246/
Ali, Q., Yu, C., Wang, Y., Sheng, T., Zhao, X., Wu, X., Jing, L., Gu, Q., Wu, H., & Gao, X. (2023). High killing rate of nematode and promotion of rice growth by synthetic volatiles from Bacillus strains due to enhanced oxidative stress response. Physiologia Plantarum, 175(1), e13868. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13868
Ayaz, M., Zhao, J.T., Zhao, W., Chi, Y.K., Ali, Q., Ali, F., Khan, A.R., Yu, Q., Yu, J.W., Wu, W.C., Qi, R.D., & Huang, W.K. (2024). Biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes by bacteria and fungi: A multi-omics approach for the exploration of novel nematicides in sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1433716. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433716
Benedetti, T., Huzar-Novakowiski, J., Sordi, E., Carvalho, I.R., & Bortoluzzi, E.C. (2021). Microorganisms in the biological control of root-knot nematode: A meta-analytical study. Society and Development, 10(6), e39310615209. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15209
Benítez, T., Rincón, A.M., Limón, M.C., & Codón, A.C. (2004). Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology, 7(4), 249-260. https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/im/v7n4/Benitez.pdf
Blanco Villacorta, M.W., Cadena Miranda, F.A., Challco Challco, G.J., & Lopez Loza, G. (2024). Efecto de Paecilomyces y Trichoderma spp. en el control biológico de nematodos en el cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum), en la Estación Experimental Patacamaya. Apthapi, 10(3), 2758-2766. https://doi.org/10.53287/pgiv2172jk63w
Calderón-Urrea, A., Vanholme, B., Vangestel, S., Kane, S.M., Bahaji, A., & Gheysen, G. (2016). Early development of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. BMC Developmental Biology, 16, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12861-016-0109-x
Di Rienzo, J. A., Casanoves, F., Balzarini, M. G., González, L., Tablada, M., & Robledo, C. W. (2017). InfoStat Profesional versión 2.1 [Software]. Grupo InfoStat. https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/10346
Druzhinina, I.S., Seidl-Seiboth, V., Herrera-Estrella, A., Horwitz, B.A., Kenerley, C.M., Monte, E., Mukherjee, P.K., Zeilinger, S., Grigoriev, I.V., & Kubicek, C.P. (2011). Trichoderma: The genomics of opportunistic success. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 9(10), 749-759. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2637
Eisenback, J.D., Hirschmann, H., Sasser, J.N., & Triantaphyllou, A.C. (1981). A guide to the four most common species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). North Carolina State University Graphics.
Harman, G.E. (2024). Integrated benefits to agriculture with Trichoderma and other endophytic or root-associated microbes. Microorganisms, 12(7), 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071409
Herrera-Parra, E., Ramos-Zapata, J., Cristóbal-Alejo, J., Tun-Suárez, J., & Reyes-Ramírez, A. (2018). Species of Trichoderma antagonistic to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in habanera pepper. Phyton, 87, 7-13. https://www.revistaphyton.fund-romuloraggio.org.ar/vol87/v87a01_Herrera-Parra.pdf
Hooper, D.J., Hallmann, J., & Subbotin, S.A. (2005). Methods for extraction, processing and detection of plant and soil nematodes. In M. Luc, R.A. Sikora, & J. Bridge (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (pp. 53-86). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851997278.0053
Hussey, R.S., & Barker, K.R. (1973). A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp., including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter, 57, 1025-1028.
Kredics, L., Büchner, R., Balázs, D., Allaga, H., Kedves, O., Racić, G., Varga, A., Nagy, V.D., Vágvölgyi, C., & Sipos, G. (2024). Recent advances in the use of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbial inoculants for pathogen control and plant growth promotion. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40, 162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03965-5
Lewis, J., & Papavizas, G. (1983). Production of chlamydospores and conidia by Trichoderma spp. in liquid and solid growth media. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 15(3), 351-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(83)90083-4
Martínez-Gallardo, J.Á., Díaz-Valdés, T., Allende-Molar, R., Retes-Manjarrez, J.E., & Carrillo-Fasio, J.A. (2019). Identificación y distribución de Meloidogyne spp. en tomate de Sinaloa, México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 10(2), 453-459. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i2.392
Migunova, V. D., & Sasanelli, N. (2021). Bacteria as biocontrol tool against phytoparasitic nematodes. Plants, 10(2), 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020389
Moo Koh, F.A., Cristóbal, J.A., Reyes, R.A., Tun Suárez, J.M., Gamboa, A.M., & Islas, R. (2018). Incompatibilidad interespecífica de especies de Trichoderma contra Meloidogyne incognita en Solanum lycopersicum. Scientia Fungorum, 47, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.33885/sf.2018.47.1191
Mukhtar, T., Tariq-Khan, M., & Aslam, M.N. (2021). Bioefficacy of Trichoderma species against javanese root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, in green gram. Gesunde Pflanzen, 73(3), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00544-8
Nicol, J.M., Turner, S.J., Coyne, D.L., de Nijs, L., Hockland, S., & Maafi, Z.T. (2011). Current Nematode Threats to World Agriculture. In J. Jones, G. Gheysen, & C. Fenoll (Eds.), Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-nematode Interactions (pp. 21-43). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0434-3_2
Ning, J., Zhou, J., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Ahmad, F., Feng, X., Fu, Y., Gu, X., & Zhao, L. (2022). Parallel evolution of C-type lectin domain gene family sizes in insect-vectored nematodes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 856826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.856826
Sahebani, N., & Hadavi, N. (2008). Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(8), 2016-2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.03.011
Sharon, E., Bar-Eyal, M., Chet, I., Herrera-Estrella, A., Kleifeld, O., & Spiegel, Y. (2001). Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Phytopathology, 91(7), 687-693. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.7.687
Sharon, E., Chet, I., Viterbo, A., Bar-Eyal, M., Nagan, H., Samuels, G. J., & Spiegel, Y. (2007). Parasitism of Trichoderma on Meloidogyne javanica and role of the gelatinous matrix. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 118(3), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9140-x
Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera [SIAP]. (2024). Producción agrícola. https://www.gob.mx/siap
Siddiqui, Z.A., & Mahmood, I. (1999). Role of bacteria in the management of plant parasitic nematodes: A review. Bioresource Technology, 69, 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00122-9
Sikora, R. A., Coyne, D., & Quénéhervé, P. (2018). Nematode parasites of bananas and plantains. In R.A. Sikora, D. Coyne, J. Hallmann, & P. Timper (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (pp. 617-657). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786391247.0617
Subedi, S., Thapa, B., & Shrestha, J. (2020). Overview of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and control management. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3(2), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32298
Taylor, A.L., & Sasser, J.N. (1978). Biology, identification and control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). North Carolina State University. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19780844105
Vrain, T.C. (1977). A technique for the collection of larvae of Meloidogyne spp. and a comparison of eggs and larvae as inocula. Journal of Nematology, 9(3), 249-251. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2620246/
Publicado
2026-05-11
Cómo citar
Pérez-González, J., Bravo-Delgado, H., Tamayo, Y., Mendoza, A., & León de la Rocha, J. (2026). Biocontrol de Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid y White) Chitwood, con la aplicación de agentes de control biológico. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 43(2), e264327. Recuperado a partir de http://mail.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/45594
Número
Sección
Producción Vegetal
Derechos de autor 2026 Jesús Orlando Pérez-González, Humberto Rafael Bravo-Delgado, Yonger Tamayo Aguilar, Adolfo Amador Mendoza, Jorge Francisco León de la Rocha
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
